Pathogen

steps that pathogens must take in order to reach a susceptible host. The host may be anyone lacking proper resistance to certain microorganisms. The chain of infection can only be commenced if there is an adequate amount of the infectious agent present. If the virulence of the pathogens is higher so are their chances of causing disease. A source for the microorganisms to harbor and reproduce, also needs be present for the chain of infection to occur. The source is where the pathogens are…

1.2 Fungal Plant Pathogens For centuries, Canadian farmers have lost their crops to disease caused by fungal plant pathogens. In agriculture, crop contamination is detected in both pre- and postharvest stages of growth (Bonaterra et al., 2003). During preharvest field preparation, the objective is for farmers to mitigate the negative impacts on biodiversity, improve forest production and minimize impacts on the residual forest stand, soil and water values (Chung et al., 2008). The current use…

addition to that, the incubation period for the agent is anywhere from one to ten days.4 The pathogen infects about 100,000 people yearly and of that about 3,000 have to be hospitalized and about 90 people die every year just in the United States from E. coli. 5 When reporting a case of E. coli, the CDC has steps that need to be taken. The first step wants to know how long the person has been exposed to the pathogen to the start of the symptoms. The next step is the amount of time between…

In 2013, more than 1.2 million Americans were diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease by the name of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Men and women between the ages of 13-64 receive this pathogen that is caused by oral and or anal sexually actions. The most common route for a pathogen to attach to the host would be through the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract, and through cuts or punctured skin. These types of routes through the body causes Neisseria gonorrhoeae to infect the host. Most of the…

has become more difficult because they are exhibiting a decrease susceptibility and resistance to many antibiotics used to treat them. It has been seen that “it may be influencing both the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistant STI pathogens.” (1) One of the biggest factors of why this disease has not been able to be treated is due to its impressive ability to have antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This continues to make things harder for researchers because they might think they…

2014). An innate immunity means defenses against any pathogen. Adaptive immunity means there’s resistance to a specific pathogen. Innate immunity is also known as nonspecific immunity. It uses the body’s own immune system for defense. Skin that is unbroken or intact is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens. The body’s own natural microbiota or flora is a secondary defense system. Our body’s second line of defense against pathogens is natural, killer cells, phagocytic whole blood…

Citrus Canker was introduced to the United States on trifoliate rootstock seedlings that were imported Japan. The disease spread rapidly around the Gulf Coast. Starting in Texas, it made it’s way east to Florida, then north to South Carolina. The pathogen, Xanthomonas axonopodis has two pathovars known to cause Canker; one being citri, and the other being aurantifolii. These can affect all citrus cultivars and even some citrus relatives. This bacterium is not known to be harmful to humans or…

Overview: Every year, the fast food industry harms countless people in many ways, especially those involving consumption, salary, and production. Sadly, in America today, adults and children alike often view fast food as a necessity, yet it causes damage that affects the nation’s citizens and economy. Not only do these unhealthy consumptions play a part in the rising obesity rate in the country, but it also brings about fatal infection that not many people know about. Additionally, the fast…

professions are exposed to are items such as needles, sharps, or scalpels. These hazards can lead to the exposure of blood borne pathogens and have life changing effects on the profession. Prevention is the best method to avoid the spread of disease, here are some of the ways to offer protection while working in healthcare. Although exposure to blood borne pathogens may be unavoidable, there are some safety procedures that can be followed to help prevent injury when possible. Be familiar…

A pathogen is the name given to a group of organisms which cause diseases within the human body and are able to do so because of their ability to invade the bodies environment. Pathogens cause damage to the tissues within the human body by replicating themselves at a fast rate in order to invade as many near by cells and give themselves a better chance of survival before the immune system starts to fight them off (Fullick, 1998, pp. 8–9). They are passed on from one person to another and that's…