Pathogen

and mechanism of replication of this pathogen, as well as discusses the virulence and treatment options for an infected human host. This member of the Orthopoxvirus genus is extremely virulent, and has a fatality rate of nearly 30%. While this virus only attacks a human host, similar members of the Voxviridae family produce similar infections in animals. Transmission of the variola virus requires face-to-face contact via aerosol transmission, as the pathogen cannot survive for long in normal…

many diseases abundant within the human population. Samples from biological tissues as well as artificial reservoirs, are frequently utilised for analysis in order to detect the presence of bacteria. These may be either normal flora, opportunistic pathogens or invasive microorganisms, from which analysis can deduce their role in disease states. The inaugural step in the process of bacterial identification is the culturing of the sample followed by primary isolation, and hence is limited by the…

Non-specific immunity can oppose any pathogen rather than target a specific pathogen. The first line of defense within non-specific immunity includes intact skin, mucous membranes and their secretions, and normal microbiota. The second line of defense within non-specific immunity includes phagocytic white blood…

infective agent might enter the body Contact: Some diseases spread through direct contact with infected skin, mucous membranes, or other body fluids. Diseases transmitted will include cold sores (herpes) and sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS. Pathogens can also be spread by indirect contact e.g. Someone infected touches a surface such as a doorknob, countertop,…

positive or use medications such as Corticosteroids. When a child has a compromised immune system they are selectable to many pathogens from their environment. Most of these…

the central nervous system, it triggers the response of a type of glial cell known as a microglial cell. Microglial cells are the primary component of the central nervous system’s immune response. These cells phagocytize, or swallow, and remove the pathogen-damaged nerve cells. They also activate proinflammatory cytokines which can unintentionally cause harm to healthy cells.1 Some symptoms, especially motor impairment, may persist even after the infection clears due to this damage of the…

Pandemics are events in which a disease spreads across the entire world. Many pandemics have become notorious for their lethality, symptoms, or historical events that surrounded them. Various notorious and formidable pandemics include the ‘Black Death’ and the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic. The ‘Black Death’ was a pandemic caused by the plague that killed an estimated 25 million people (“Black Death”). The HIV/AIDS pandemic killed an…

Full-time Care Introduction Due to aging, many elderly adults suffer a deterioration in physical capacity and mental acuity, rendering them unable to care for themselves in general and their oral health in particular. Researches show that respiratory pathogens reside in dental plaque (Russell, Boylan, Kaslick, Scannapieco, & Katz, 1999; Scannapieco, Stewart, & Mylotte, 1992), which is implicated in aspiration pneumonia (Kuyama, Sun, & Yamamoto, 2010). Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is defined as…

One of the key factors, in this case, is that Jay received a phone call from his program services director to notify him about an OSHA inspector wants to review his blood-borne pathogen policy and employee hepatitis vaccination procedure. Apparently, OSHA needs to inspection Jay Carlos’s blood-borne pathogen policy to make sure that the company is aware of the situation and for preventing loss of lives due to exposure (Lester, & Parnell, 2006). OSHA has a role which is to make sure that safety…

1. Non-pathogen name: Bacillus subtilis 2. Description of non-pathogen: B. subtilis is a mesophilic, gram-positive bacillus that is commonly found in soil, although it can also survive in plants (1). B. subtilis are facultative aerobes, using butanediol fermentation or nitrated ammonification when oxygen is unavailable (1). The bacillus is motile by using a single flagellum and commonly forms biofilms which contain several B. subtilis all traveling in the same direction (1). It has a circular…