Particle swarm optimization

27. What is a Difference between Lifeless and Animated Matter? • There are two aspects of life. When we perceive something as ‘substance’ it is in reality something “living” from “THE ASPECT OF SUBSTANCE”. When we perceive something as alive it is, in reality, the substance we see from “THE ASPECT OF LIFE”. The ability to feel life from “THE ASPECT OF SUBSTANCE” have PRIMITIVE stages of development. The ability to SENSE The Substance from “THE ASPECT OF LIFE” have beings on the threshold of “The…

were able to observe that when the cosmic rays collided with atoms in our atmosphere, the nucleus of the atom was prised open by the energy created. This then revealed many short-lived particles within the nucleus. However, these could only be seen in tracks left behind in sensitive detectors. There were many particles found such as muon, which behaves like and electron and is 210 times heavier. There is also the pion which is a little smaller than the muon as well as the kaon, which is just…

Fig: Schematic representation of LHC and it's detectors The primary objective of LHC is to answer the following questions: 1. Why some particles are heavier than others? If the Higgs mechanism is valid? 2. If the super-symmetry theory is valid? If yes then if super-symmetric particles exist? 3. If the concept of dark matter and dark energy correct? 4. Why our universe is made up of matter only? 5. What was the state of matter in the early universe? 6. What will be the properties…

I found out about Particle Acceleration when I went to the United States Air Force Academy Summer Seminar in a class where we learned about propulsion. The topic covered was electrodynamics and it related to a particle accelerator. I have researched the particle accelerator online and watched videos over the CERN, largest particle accelerator in the world. I would like to further my studies in this topic so I can develop a large understanding of exactly how and why the particle accelerator is…

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a particle accelerator made of superconducting magnets, built on September 10th, 2008. It can be found between the border of France and Switzerland, near Geneva, 100 meters underground. The Large Hadron Collider is a machine that was built with the ability to accelerate subatomic particles to very high speeds, which requires chilling the magnets to ‑271.3°C. This is done through the use of electric or electromagnetic fields, two hadrons are sent through the…

shown below? Nobody have ever thought about this design before! Topology Optimization may be an architectural tool rather a material saving script. In fact,the current approach is to ease and sharpen the results of the topology optimization process to make them applicable into reality despite its funky outputs (cite), exactly as shown in the layout below. All we need is an extra post-processing in implementing the optimization results into…

In the architectural, engineering and construction industry there is a growing awareness that the effective design of sustainable buildings results from an accurate optimization process of all the variables that are involved and interrelated in meeting the various sustainability goals in the field of energy, indoor environmental quality, water management, and sustainable materials [1][2]. For that reason, current frameworks for the building design process rely on a high degree of…

ANT COLONY OTIMIZATION basics and algorithm 3.1. ACO algorithm introduction and basics The concept of ACO has been inspired by observation of real ants while wondering for food source. An ant while in search of food source lays a certain amount of pheromone trail along the path traversed. The laying of pheromone serves dual purpose to the ant. Firstly, it marks the path for other randomly moving aunts and secondly, it helps the aunt to return to its original source. Now, whenever a redundantly…

Particle size distribution Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine the particle size distribution of a particular soil sample by carrying out sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis tests. For the sieve analysis test, a graph for percent finer versus the grain size was plotted from the data collected. The graph was used to determine whether the soil sample was fine-grained or course-grained. Calculations for uniformity and gradation were then done to determine whether the soil was…

Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, USA. Size 3 hard gelatin capsules were kindly donated by Capsugel Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. Fresh Milli-Q water was collected and filtered through 0.45 μm membrane filter before use. Preparation of powders by spray-drying Powder particles were produced using a Buchi B-290 Mini Spray-Dryer (Buchi Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland) with a high performance cyclone in a closed-mode. Feed solutions of kanamycin (as sulphate) or/and rifampicin were prepared in a co-solvent…