Particle swarm optimization

neutrinos have mass.” Their discovery was announced to be a historic discovery for particle physics. After a various amount of experiments and calculations, neutrinos were considered massless; however, after years of working Dr. Kajita and Dr. McDonald have come to the conclusion that neutrinos are capable of changing their identities, or flavors, and therefore they must…

rays beta particles alpha particles What are the different penetrative abilities of each radiation type on metals 3.what are some common uses for each type of radiation in the current world 4.what is ionisation? And what is the difference between direct ionisation and indirect ionisation 5.what are half lives and why is it bad to ineffectively dispose of nuclear products ?4.why…

What would life be like if the internet was never invented? It is hard to imagine in today’s time when our whole life is centered around this invisible force. It is our way to communicate with one another, share information, and focus our time on. There is an AT&T commercial that gives a comedic, but very relatable and true depiction of how people react when there no internet. The commercial depicts a family that has lost their internet and for them doing simple everyday tasks like going places…

other intelligent life? Is it possible that they created our universe? While this notion may sound outlandish and completely irrational, there is actually quite a bit of logical evidence to back it up. All it would take to create a universe is a particle accelerator only slightly more powerful than the Large Hadron Collider. When the LHC was fired up in 2008, there was controversy over whether or not it would create a black hole that would swallow the earth; which is not likely to happen.…

documentary, Particle Fever, the movie brings attention to the different view of the arts and sciences as two interdependent subjects. The director, Dr. David Kaplan, uses the documentary to give his audience an inside view to the world’s largest experiment at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) with the use of the Large Hardon Collider (LHC). The LHC is the world’s largest accelerated. The massive machine accelerates particles into each other in order to see the “God”…

as observable through studying the distribution of gravity within galaxies (Carnegie). Original attempts at studying dark matter referred to dark matter as baryonic, which is a word used to describe baryons, or quark based particles. Quarks make up “normal” subatomic particles, and so when referring to dark matter as baryonic, physicists were assuming that dark matter was made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons, just like all types of known matter, yet that would infer that we would be able…

As this topic is so broad, it would be impossible to investigate all the benefits and drawbacks that spirit science has offered on our world, so instead this paper will focus on a few: Knowledge and Social/Political Change. Spirit Science’s the idea that our are all connected. The idea that through love, anything is possible, we are the creator, people in general and through our awareness of the world around us, we can create a massive change in the way that we do things. Spirit Science shows…

When the state equation of a model is an autoregressive process with unknown constant coefficients, EnKF can be easily modified to include Monte Carlo estimation of the constant coefficients. We recall that the standard particle filtering method suffers from weight degeneracy especially when the estimation includes static parameters. EnKF, however, does not suffer from degeneracy and provides a good estimate of the coefficients by integrating a sample minimum mean square estimate (MMSE) of the…

Supercritical fluids are related to superfluids through the concept of Cooper pairs. In a conductive material, such as copper, the flow of electrons move towards the largest positive terminal. The reason why copper is a good conductor is because it is able to lose electrons in its outer shell, and become slightly positive. The combination of the electrons repelling each other, and their attraction towards both the slightly positive copper atoms and positive terminal lead to the electrons…

Stephen R. Lawhead's science fiction and fantasy series “Bright Empries” seems to be like no other. Especially since it was written by him. Unlike most of Stephen R. Lawhead's work that deals with mixing mythology and historical events, “Bright Empires” does neither. Instead, they focus on humans going to other dimensions and what it would be like to visit worlds, not just countries, that were not their own. With the release of the fifth book in the series in 2014, called “The Fatal Tree”, the…