Participatory economics

The modern portfolio theory was based on risk and return trade-offs and was developed in earlier works of Harry Markowitz (1952, 1959) and Roy (1952). According to Markowitz (1952), risk can be eliminated through diversification by spreading the wealth across the assets. In his work, Markowitz (1959) implemented the theory of mean-variance of market portfolio which provided the initial foundation for capital asset pricing model. His model was a static model which assumed that investors tend to…

In his pioneer model for dividend smoothing, Lintner (1956) proposed that firms in general have a long-run target payout ratio. The role of the managers is to gradually adjust firm payment of dividends toward the target. However, in this model adjustments are partial because they are not free and the firm has to incur a cost for the adjustment. The Lintner model for partial adjustment is given by: Dit – Dit-1 = ai + ci (D*it – Dit-1) + εit (1) where Dt and Dt-1 are dividend payments at…

scarcity of resources, such as food, water, and land. Therefore people that is in the lower economic group can’t afford it, as price will increase effectively due to short supply. Eventually, malnutrition will happen effectively around the globe. To address this issue adequately, we as humans should do some work on…

Question 2: Poverty Causes of poverty include: • Changing trends in a country's economy- this causes instability in the market and many businesses struggle to survive and therefore employees lose their jobs. • Lack of education- A person without the required skills and training will struggle to find a job. • Having a culture of poverty- the cycle of poverty will be carried over to future generations as proper education cannot be afforded. • Overpopulation- For every 1000 houses the government…

Globalization.html modernity, without leaving time for the crisis of the medieval model. No notice is taken that the scientific revolution -- discussed by Kuhn -- departs from a modernity that has already begun, the result of a "modern paradigm." 19 It is for that reason that in the fifteenth century (if we do not consider the later European inventions) Europe does not have any superiority over China. Needham allows himself to be bewitched by this mirage, when he writes: "The fact is that the…

Honesty is one of the core values that help build common culture and integrity within society and, therefore, directly improves relationships, cooperation behaviour and economic development (Zsolnai 2004). In contrast, dishonest practices such as fraud and corruption, especially in business, impact the functioning of the market (Rose-Ackerman 2001) and cause immense financial and reputational damage (e.g. Enron, Tycom or WorldCom). Whilst the outcome of honest civic behaviour is usually…

ways to restore economic stability, government should take intensive on that to restore the economy. Thus, sudden suspension of scholarship will cause the country to loss many educated people. Educated people are aware of the socio-economic scenario of the country and can help in the progress of the country. The educated mass somehow knows how to contribute towards the country’s well-being. Hence, Malaysia government should not suspend scholarships due to countries current economic crisis.…

Chapter 7 and 8 in The Practicum Companion gave some very important and insightful points. Chapter 7 was on working in groups while in the field. One of the main points discussed was expectations for practice with groups. They gave four examples of models that social workers may fulfill they were, social action/goals model, reciprocal goals model, and remedial goals model. Another point discussed was learning the factors that come along with group practice. The chapter discussed important…

studies focused on the role of FDI in economic growth in developing countries. However, there seems to be no agreement with regard to the direction of causality between these two variables. This study focuses on the causal effect of FDI in Brazilian’s economic growth based on an econometric study with panel data collected during the last three decades, which was a phase in which many of the development countries introduced various political, financial and economic…

international sites and was the first to establish international franchising (Barney & Hesterly, 2015, pp. PC 3-54). The opening of the marketplace to foreign investment allowed McDonald’s to capitalize on the changes within China that were leading to economic growth and urbanization. Lessons learned during the expansion into Japan helped with the expansion into China. The increased buying power of the citizens provided broad appeal for investment into QSR; McDonald’s faced cultural and…