Paper chromatography

Previously, for the first part of the experiment, it was hypothesized that the retention times of the eluates were invariably associated with the polarity of the compound; the more non-polar the compound, the faster it would be eluted out of the gas chromatogram. It was also hypothesized that the retention times decreased as the temperature in the gas column increased. In the first part of the experiment the relationship between the temperature and retention time, and the non-polarity of the…

According to Simon (2002) the silica gel is the most widely used absorbent and it is the stationary phase that is dominant in Thin layer chromatography, particles or molecules that are non-polar travel faster at the stationary phase and the molecules that are polar spend more time at the stationary phase and therefore this means that molecules that are non-polar travel larger distance on the TLC plate in comparison to molecules that are polar since the polar molecules stick to the polar…

According to Chemguide, Chromatography is a physical method that is used to separate a mixture of chemical substances into its components, which then can be closely analyzed. All forms of chromatography share this same principle. Here, a mobile phase travels through a stationary phase, carrying the components of the mixture with it. It is possible that the mobile phase and the stationary phase have similarities or differences that affect the overall interaction between each other and the…

other pigments. Mark, on the other hand, believed that the same pigments were also located in the green portion even though they were not visible. In order to determine who was right, two tests were conducted. The first tested conducted was the paper chromatography test. In this test, samples of both the green portion of the leaf and stem of a beet were turned into liquid samples. Portions of the both samples were then added…

The human body produces various essential proteins that provide functionality in the biochemistry of our system. How individual molecules are separated or a mixture of molecules are separated can be dependant of their size. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), is the controlled separation technique that is based on the size of the particles in relation to the pore size (Barth and Saunders 2012). The separation process veers to be quick for large molecules and slower for smaller molecules. The…

Gas chromatography (GC) is a chromatography technique where the separation of individual components (called analytes) from a sample relies on their differing distribution between the mobile phase and a stationary phase. The mobile phase is what carries the analyte (components being analysed) through the stationary phase and in GC, it is an inert gas, (usually helium or nitrogen). The gas must be inert so it will not react with the samples to give a false reading. The stationary phase is the…

The liquid chromatography was performed using an Acquity UPLC® system (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) coupled to a mass spectrometer (Xevo TQ-S, Waters Corp.). The bioanalytical method for the simultaneous quantitation of the three PFCs was optimized through the various…

Data/Observations: In the chromatogram of a mixture of cyclohexanol and heptanal, there are 8 peaks. Retention times are 1.783, 2.111, 2.181, 2.832, 3.798, 4.012, 4.268, and 4.351 (min) in an increasing order. Areas are 5193372, 27743, 1333, 1283, 4005, 1734332, 3526677, and 2079050. Each area corresponds to each retention times. Calculations & Results: -Student mixture (cyclohexanol and heptanal)- Retention times of peak# 6, 7, and 8 from the student mixture look similar to the standard…

The instrumentation of a HPLC apparatus is as shown in the diagram above. A HPLC apparatus is including a solvent reservoir, degasser, pump, injector, HPLC column, detector and data collection device. Solvent reservoir The solvent reservoir is usually a glassware or reagent bottle which contained the analytic sample. It is located at the upper part of the HPLC. It is also known as mobile phase reservoir since the sample will be moved. The flowing of the sample is depends on gravitational…

1. It is necessary to list the experimental conditions when reporting a chromatogram because it will allow universal comparison. In the event that you want to compare your results with a colleague, the factors that can affect the results are listed and taken into consideration to get an accurate comparison. 2. The type of column used is listed, this column contains the stationary phase and the mobile phase is pumped through the column under pressure. The dimensions of the column are listed as…