Paper chromatography

Introduction According to Bio-Rad, Alamar Blue is a “cell viability assay reagent which contains the cell permeable, non-toxic and weakly fluorescent blue indicator dye called resazurin.” (Bio-Rad, n.d.). Meaning that the resazurin is going to be using an oxidation-reduction (REDOX) indicator that will undergo a color change due to the response of the cellular metabolic reduction. “The reduced form resorufin is pink and highly fluorescent, and the intensity of fluorescence produced is…

abuse effect the environment. Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography- Tandem Mass Spectrophotometry Analysis of Stimulatory Drugs of Abuse in Wastewater and Surface Waters1 Ultraperformance liquid chromatography is the best method for analyzing drugs of abuse in different substances including wastewater. Liquid chromatography reduces analysis time and increases efficiency. The purpose of this research, Ultra Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography- Tandem Mass Spectrophotometry Analysis of…

HPLC column can be categorized into two types • Reverse Phase • Normal Phase 3.4.1.1. Reverse Phase Chromatography Reverse Phase system has a non-polar stationary phase over which polar solvents are used as mobile phase; it is generally used for separation of polar species. 3.4.1.2. Normal phase chromatography Normal Phase system has a polar stationary phase over which non-polar solvents are used as mobile phase; it is generally used for separation of non-polar species.[38]. A detection…

Emulsions are two-phase systems, a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible. There are two phases in the system, in which one is the continuous phase and the other one is the dispersed phase. Types of emulsions [38] Oil in water (o/w): in which oil is the dispersed phase and water is the continuous phase. Water in oil (w/o): in which water is the dispersed phase and oil is the continuous phase. Emulsions have a cloudy or opaque appearance because particles scatter light…

Transformation of pGlO plasmid to an E.coli bacteria cell We pipetted 250 ul of CaCl2 transformation solution to into two separate tubes. Next, we used a sterile loop to transfer two to four larger bacteria colonies from an E.coli plate into each of the two tubes. The bacteria was observed under UV light to make initial observations. We pipetted 10 ul of pGLO plasmid (0.08 ug/ul) into one of the tubes. Both tubes were incubated on ice for ten minutes. After ten minutes of incubation, the tubes…

Introduction: LC-MS is used for the bioanalysis of small molecules drugs, which has molecular mass of less than 800 Da. Now a days, it is also frequently used for the bioanalytical determination of biopharmaceuticals.1 In pharmaceutical R & D, it takes a year to develop a new marketing drug identified from thousands of new compounds. The drug discovery is divided into early and late phase, during which pharmacokinetics study or bioanalysis of a drug is done. Once, the bioanalysis of a drug is…

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The present study was undertaken to formulate Solifenacin succinate immediate release tablets. The study involves preformulation studies of drug excipients, formulation and processing development along with evaluation of tablets made with the optimized formulation. Finally tablets were evaluated by in-vitro methods. 6.1. Drug excipient compatibility study Table 1. Results of compatibility study S.No. Name of Excipient Ratio of API/ Excipient Initial…

ABSTRACT Flakiness & Elongation index is one of the most prominent criteria that govern behavior and performance of aggregate in the bituminous mixes. The strength and serviceability requirements of bituminous mixture such as Stability, Flow, Voids in Total mix (VTM), Voids Filled with Bitumen and (VFB) highly depend on the physical properties of aggregates. This study conducted by observing the effect of flakiness & elongated index by adding different percentages from 0% to 50% of flaky &…

Stereochemistry conformation is how molecules are orientated in space. There are two basic types of isomers: constitutional or stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers gave the same molecular formula but different connectivity, while stereoisomers have the same connectivity but a different orientation in space. Stereoisomer has two subunits called enantiomers and diastereomers. Enantiomers are molecules that are mirror images, while diastereomers are not mirror images. Stereochemistry focus…

The idea of music playback came from Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville, a bookseller, and trader from Paris. In 1857, Scott obtained a fascination for the human ear which led him to invent the Phonautograph, an instrument primarily used to study acoustics in laboratory research. The construction of the phonograph was heavily inspired by the anatomy of the human ear. Consisting of three main components that replicated the build of the ear canal, eardrum, and ossicles. Sound waves would be…