Oxidizing agent

1. Redox Catalyst Catalyst is defined as a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without changing its chemical composition and affecting the standard Gibbs free energy, by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction. It does so by providing an alternative reaction pathway. In redox reaction, the key chemical event is the net movement of electrons from one reactant to the other. The oxidation state of atoms are changed. Transition metal is used as redox catalyst due…

harmful microorganisms that might have been present in the canned meat. Since its accidental discovery, D. radiodurans has been intriguing scientists with is astonishing resistance to ionizing radiation, UV radiation, electrophilic mutagens, oxidizing agents, and desiccation. This gram-positive bacteria usually forms in spherical pairs or tetrads; it is not only able to survive gamma radiation greater than 2,000 DSBs (per multigenomic cell), but it is also able to flourish endlessly while…

A small burette funnel was filled with column packing solvent at mobile phase, high boiling petroleum, in this case hexane (and then 10%acetone hexane mixture), and Alumina as stationary phase. When adding the sand and the alumina they have to be first mixed with the hexanes in order not to disturb the column. The Lycopene is Red- Orange and more attracted to alumina due to its high degree of Unsaturation, which can be expected to be eluted after Yellow-Orange Carotene pigments. And the other…

converted to, lactate which is anaerobic, acetyl CoA which is aerobic, and ethyl alcohol which is anaerobic. Oxygen is needed for the conversion from the pyruvate to the acetyl CoA and CO2. This reaction uses coenzyme A as a carrier and a NAD+ as an oxidizing agent. The pyruvate is converted to one carbon dioxide and two acetyl CoA groups that are carried by coenzyme A. Electrons are transferred to NAD+ and then reduced to NADH + H+ during the oxidation phase of pyruvate. The purpose of lactic…

Method Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were provided by the instructor for the experiment at Mount Royal University. There were four or more bean plants in each of the four pots. The first task was to choose the best three plants in each pot based on whether they had two big healthy leaves and so the three plants looked relatively similar. The excess plants were cut out so that each of the four pots contained three plants, making a total of twelve plants. Each of the four represented a…

Cerium is a rare earth element of the lanthanide series (atomic no. = 57– 71) of the periodic table. Among the various rare earth metals, cerium granted a hugeattention towards scientific community due to its catalytic antioxidant property. Usually, antioxidants protect cells from oxidative damage, mediated by ‘reactive oxygen species’ (ROS), which include free radicals such as superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2) and non-free radical species like hydrogen…

2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) with molecular formula HOC6H3(NO2)2 is an organic yellow crystalline solid with sweet and musty odor. It is soluble in organic and aqueous alkaline solutions and has the ability to sublime. It is biochemically active compound and act as ionophore by shuttling the proton across mitochiondria and chloroplast membrane to dissipate heat instead of producing ATP [ Mechanism of uncoupling in mitochondria: uncouplers as ionophores for cycling cations and protons, PNAS, R J…

2.7.1 Characteristics and definition of fermented cafeteria food left over Fermented products can play an important role contributing to the livelihoods of rural and peri urban like, through enhanced food security, and income generation via a valuable small scale enterprise option. There is such a diversity of fermentable substrate available year round, that the activity can provide a regular income. Although harvesting or substrate may be seasonal, fermentation itself is largely independent of…

without oxygen. The genus is Yersinia, which is a further classification of the family. Some factors unique to Yersinia are: it can survive down to 1-4 degrees celsius6, or 33.8-39.2 degrees fahrenheit and it is "relatively quickly inactivated by oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate solutions"6. Not to mention the fact that rodents are the most likely…

widely used to improve the photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performance of TiO2 materials. WO3 is a suitable species, because of its relative small band gap and acidic surface, and therefore it can serve as a sensitizer and electron-accepting agent in TiO2/WO3 heterostructured form…