Oxides

metal is ductile and malleable and conducts heat and electricity well, explaining its use in electronics and wiring.Copper turns green because of an oxidation reaction; that is, it loses electrons when exposed to water and air. The resulting copper oxide is a dull green. This oxidation reaction is the reason the copper-plated Statue of Liberty is green rather than…

Environmental Issues Waste water generation: The wastewater produced during the chemical processes contains high concentration of chemicals such as bisulfites, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, chlorine dioxide, hydrochloric acid, calcium oxide etc which is potentially unsafe to purge directly into the environment. Sludge by waste water treatment: The significant solid wastes such as lime mud, lime slaker grits, green liquor dregs, boiler and furnace ash, scrubber sludges,…

however it is also toxic and has to be handled with care. Gas fueled forklifts needn’t be the major source of carbon monoxide exposure in the warehouse since complete combustion of the fuel in adequate oxygen supply results in the formation of carbon(iv)oxide and water and no carbon monoxide is emitted. Inadequate oxygen results in incomplete combustion that results in the formation of carbon monoxide. Adjusting the air and fuel mixture will therefore ensure proper engine power fuel consumption…

when it falls through the atmosphere and forms carbonic acid (H_2 CO_3), lowering the pH of rain to around 5.6. However, the release of nitrogen and sulfur from burning hydrocarbon fuels can lower the pH of rain to as low as 2.  Nitrogen and sulfur oxide are common in the air around industrial areas and has serious negative effects of aquatic environments. Acid rain forms because petroleum naturally has impurities in it. This is because when the plant or animal died millions of years ago the…

Crop and livestock production is a major source of two greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide. The latter is produced by the leaching, volatilization and runoff of nitrogen fertilizers and the breakdown of crop residues and animal wastes. Through burning of biomass, agriculture also releases large quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Agriculture also stands to suffer adversely from climatic change. In tropical environments the effects of climate change on agriculture and hence…

The exposed rock material has a visible reverse fault, and is heavy faulted/folded. Visible soil, and vegetation growth on exposed section of the formation. Visible iron oxide staining from fractures in the section both natural, and manmade. Alternating material layers light grey to dark grey in the formation, and thick bands. 0 to 3feet of the section is composed of light grey, and soft material. The bottom facie was a…

There are many pros and cons of alternative energy and fossil fuels. There are many more pros of alternative energy. Pros of renewable energy is, it is available all over the world because there is sun and wind. There is no chance of renewable energy becoming depleted in the future. Renewable energy can boost economic growth and increase job opportunities ("Renewable Green Energy"). There are many pros of renewable energy but there are always cons too. There are also cons of renewable energy…

Global Warming: Problems and Solutions Global warming is defined as “a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth 's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants.” by the Oxford Dictionary. This means that due to the effects of pollutants in the atmosphere the temperature of the earth is rising in a process called the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is what happens when solar radiation…

Biofuels have started to become one of the major fuel sources from around the world. A biofuel is any fuel that is derived from recently living organisms. It accounts for just over 10% of America’s total gasoline consumption (Solutions and Energy, 2016). We start to move towards these fuels as it is expected that by 2088 we will have run out of all of our fossil fuels (Ecotricity, 2016). There are however various pros and cons that derive from the biofuels in comparison to the fossil fuels. I am…

oxidative damage, mediated by ‘reactive oxygen species’ (ROS), which include free radicals such as superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2) and non-free radical species like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cerium, in both salt and oxide forms, cycles between the cerous (Ce3+) and the ceric (Ce4+) oxidation states. CeO (III) is fast oxidized to CeO (IV) by (ROS) and by that CeO (III) successfully neutralizes ROS. Again CeO (IV) is slowly reduced by ROS to slip back to CeO…