Oxalate

Gender- Prevalence of Kidney stone was significantly higher in urban area than in rural area. 73 % of men and 29 % of females were suffering from kidney stones. Furthermore, the prevalence ratio (male: female) for Kidney stone was 2.51:1. Prevalence for men patient was observed more in age group of 30-40. However nearly similar incidence were observed in 40-50 and 20-30 age group also. However now a day incidence of stone is increasing in younger age group also as per physician comment. Same…

Renal stones is a common problem worldwide with important impact in the heath and also in economic costs. Renal Stones is the consequences of a buildup of dissolved minerals located in the inner lining of the kidney, calcium oxalate is most of the time the maim component of renal stones but it also has other minerals. Stones are more frequently found in persons who do not drink the recommended eight to ten glasses of water a day. Renal stones are mainly plant in the kidneys, humans have been…

Kidney stones come mainly in 4 varieties- calcium, struvite, cystine and finally uric acid. That said, nearly 80% of the kidney stones are comprised of calcium deposits, most notably the oxalate type. While certain foods may promote stone formation in people who are susceptible, scientists do not believe that eating any specific food causes stones to form in people who are not susceptible. Fortunately, because cutting such a vital and delicate organ carries a high risk of permanent damage,…

materials were Whole milk, 10% acetic acid, coffee filters, ethyl acteate, 1% glucose solution, Fehling’s solution, Biuret’s test solution (.5% CuSO4), 10% NaOH, lactose, lactase, glucose test solution, ammonium molybdate solution, funnels, .1% ammonium oxalate solution, beakers (different sizes) , flasks(Erlenmeyer flasks) , test tubes, thermometer, hot plate, watch glass, Pasture pipettes, rubber policeman, boiling chips, labeling tube, small mortar and pestle and 4 glucose urinalysis test…

Objective The purpose of the experiment is to synthesize multiple cobalt complexes with various ligands and explain the ligand field transitions of these complexes using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The experiment provides insight into specific colors of certain molecular species and respective bonding information. Introduction Transition elements are defined by the IUPAC as atoms that have an incomplete d-subshell, most commonly referring to the d-block.1 When transition metals…

Introduction The contamination of large bodies of water is becoming a greater problem across the world due to our rapidly increasing population. People commonly pollute these areas with their release of waste products and trash, and these contaminants can spread from small streams or lakes to oceans and complete ecosystems. The pollutants that are released into the water sources are often inorganic substances, and the dissolved forms of these compounds can become ionic cations and anions. An…

As society progresses and technology advances, there are many ways to aid weight loss. There are weight loss surgeries that freeze fat and ones that suck fat but one cheaper and less invasive way to lose weight is extreme dieting. With the pressure increasing to be skinny and have a perfect body, people take extreme measures to get their dream body as fast as possible. Although extreme dieting is dangerous, it is a popular method because it is virtually free. There are many fad diets that exist…

1. Adaptation is a noun. Also a change or the process of change of that an organism can best suit the environment lived in. A: Desert, Its hot and very dry. Less than 10 inches or rain. Quite a bit of direct sunlight. Soil is rocky and sandy which means it is unable to hold much water. Winds are usually very strong which means it drys out the plants. Plants are exposed to very hot and no water. B: Grassland, or prairie have very warm summers and chilly winters. Not much rainfall…

recognition and prompt treatment is important in reducing or preventing the complications related to kidney stones (Goldstein & Goldfarb, 2017). Kidney stones can be formed of various substances that dissolved in the urine, such as calcium, uric acid, oxalate and cystine. Kidney stones form when there is an imbalance between the concentration of these substances and the chemicals in the urine that usually keep the substances dissolved. Most often, stones are small and able to pass through the…

perchlorates (ClO4-), and acetates (CH3COO- ) Acetates of Ag+ and Hg2+ are only moderately soluble All sulfates (SO42- ) Sr2+ , Ba2+ , Pb2+ (Ca2+ and Ag+ moderately soluble) POORLY SOLUBLE SALTS EXCEPTIONS All carbonates (CO32- ), phosphates (PO43- ), oxalates (C2O42- ), and chromates (CrO42- ) Na+ , K+ , NH4+ All sulfides (S2- ) Alkali and alkaline earth metal ions and NH4+ All hydroxides (OH- ) and oxides Alkali metals (those of Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ only moderately…