Osteoclast

Question: The year is 2020. You are a postdoc currently working on a randomized control trial evaluating the influence of whole fat vs. low fat dairy products on cardiometabolic risk factors. Part of your analysis includes a blood test for a variety of compounds (e.g., minerals and hormones). As you sift through the data, you come across an unusual result: one subject has abnormally high calcium plasma levels. Upon further investigation, you find that their parathyroid hormone (PTH) plasma…

In Daniel Liberman’s book, The Story of the Human Body: Evolution, Health, and Disease, he writes about the entire history of the human body and how it has evolved from our ancestors. His main purpose in writing this books is to not only educate and inform about the history of the evolution of the human body and its possible future, but his goal is to help push society to change the way they live. The main theme of The Story of the Human Body: Evolution, Health, and Disease is the same as…

Our bones are constantly being removed and regenerated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. (Rodan, 1998) On Earth, this process is well balanced but when we enter the space, that is a totally different story. In the weightless environment, the activity of osteoclasts increases, which means they break down the bones at a higher rate. At the meantime, osteoblasts which regenerate the bones are not consecutively active…

Dancing: A World Wide Sport If you’re a dancer, you’ve had people ask you what sport you play. Obviously you respond by saying, “I’m in dance.” Or, you hear people state that dance is not a sport. That just trips your trigger. You automatically want to defend yourself, but you don’t know what to say. I’m here today to help you defend the world of dancers! There are multiple reasons why dance is a sport but here a few of my favorites, you have less of a chance to get osteoporosis, it helps…

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most common joint replacement procedures performed worldwide, with more than one million replacement surgeries occurring every year [1]. The whole hip joint is replaced by an implant which consists of the femoral stem, the femoral head, and the acetabular cup [2]. Consideration must be given to the types of materials that make up these components, as biocompatibility and mechanical properties determine how the implant functions in vivo. The materials…

you are young your body will produce new bone more rapidly than it will break down old bone, but as you age, this process slows. Your body beings to break down bone more quickly than it produces new bone, resulting in the weakness of bones. Your osteoclasts are overactive whereas your osteoblasts are under active. It is for this reason that it is found to be more common in men and women above the age of 50 due to the slowing rate of bone production within the body. Osteoporosis is often…

mass reduces. This disease I'm focusing on is Osteoporosis in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammation in the joints that causes destruction and functional disability. In this disease the increase of osteoclast does take place and increases a lot of risks and of course decreases certain physical activity due to bones being fragile. There is a certain medication that they recommend people with osteoporosis to use and its called Bisphosphonates (BPs).…

The etiology and pathogenesis of RA are complex and multifaceted. A range of predetermined (genes) and stochastic (random events and environment) factors contribute to susceptibility and pathogenesis.(kelly). The initiation of RA probably begins years before the onset of clinical symptoms. This process involves certain specific genes that can help break tolerance and lead to autoreactivity. It is likely that the earliest phases are marked by repeated activation of innate immunity Cigarette smoke…

4.1.5.Cytokine and Chemokine in inflammation: Many multifunctional cytokines are present in exocytosis of mast cells which play important roles in late- phase inflammatory response. The mast cell is a source of cytokines such as IL-1, -2, -4, -5, -6, TNF-α (85). IL-1 functions to grow T-helper cells and B cells with its proliferation whereas IL-2 influences the proliferation of T lymphocytes and activation of B lymphocytes. IL-4 helps to differentiate B lymphocytes into plasma cells secret IgE.…

Periodontal diseases generally refer to common inflammatory disorders known as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are caused by a pathogenic microbiota in the subgingival biofilm that trigger an inflammatory response that activate the immune system. Biochemical mediators are biologically active compound, released by the immune cells as a response of the body to eliminate pathogenic bacteria when the periodontium is infected. These mediators responsible to initiate the inflammatory response are…