Osteoclast

Neurological Factors Affecting Movement Voluntary human movement is regulated and controlled by complex interactions within our central and peripheral nervous systems. The three major types of sensory input come from the visual (eyes), vestibular (inner ear), and somatic (body) sensory systems. The somatic sensory receptors found in muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, and skin are collectively known as proprioceptors and they gather information about body position and the direction and…

Parathyroid hormones (PTH) are released from the main cells of the parathyroid gland when calcium levels are too low. The PTH also affects osteoblast cells that are contained in the bone. However, binding of PTH to osteoblast inhibiting it resulting in osteoclast cells being indirectly stimulated through the inhibition of bone building. The parathyroid hormone will act upon collagenase enzymes to increase the breakdown of collagen within the bone, while increasing the activity to assist the…

continuous dosing. The 20-mg twice per day dose exerts its therapeutic effect by enzyme, cytokine, and osteoclast inhibition, rather than by any antibiotic effect. The use of systemic host modulatory therapy may not only improve the patient’s periodontal condition but also provide systemic benefits for other inflammatory disorders with related tissue destruction, such as arthritis, cardiovascular disease, dermatologic conditions, diabetes and osteoporosis. SDD is indicated in the management of…

It is easy for a person to imagine the painful experience of falling off a bicycle and scraping a knee for the first time. What is more difficult is for him/ her to imagine that pain as constant, multiplied on large scale, and not knowing what causes the pain. Unfortunately, patients with CRPS know this experience as one knows their own name. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), formerly known as Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD), is ranked as the most severe form of chronic pain that exists…

as a storehouse of calcium and phosphorus. Normal bone remodeling cycle requires that the process of bone resorption and bone formation take place in a coordinated fashion, which in turn depends on the orderly development and activation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. This property of bone, which constantly resorbs the old bone and forms new bone, makes the bone a very dynamic tissue that permits the maintenance of bone tissue, the repair of damaged tissue, and the…

Anastrozole is a selective 3rd generation nonsteroidal aromatase Inhibitor [1]. Anastrozole is indicated in treatment of early and advanced breast cancer in post-menopausal women, adjuvant therapy of hormone receptor positive breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer and tenderness of pubertal gynecomastia [2,4,5]. The main type of breast cancer is hormone receptor positive breast cancer, which is caused by an increase of oestrogen levels in the body [3] this is because oestrogen causes an…

1.5 Drugs targeting the Rab prenylation pathway 1.5.1 Prenylation pathway Prenylation of Rab proteins is the essential lipid modification step that begins the membrane trafficking cycle. It is a crucial post-translational modification that allows the stable attachment of Rab proteins to the membrane by increasing hydrophobicity to be able to insert into the lipid bilayer (Maltese, Wilson and Erdman, 1996). As depicted in Figure 7, the Rab cycle starts with a Rab protein that is GDP bound, in…

After going through today’s lesson, in my opinion, I find that negative feedback mechanism is more important than positive feedback mechanism. Both mechanisms are important to the body, but I feel that negative feedback mechanism is more crucial to the body than positive feedback mechanism. Here is why. The positive feedback mechanism is only used when there is a potentially dangerous situation or a stressful process which must be completed quickly. Moreover, our body only uses the mechanism in…

Our bones specifically are unique in nature; they reconstruct themselves in a process where cells called osteoblasts regulate bone formation while another pair of cells called osteoclasts regulate resorption of minerals such as calcium and vitamin D. Deterioration of the skeleton is due to enlarged bone weakening by osteoclasts and decreased bone development by osteoblasts, resulting as the diseases known as Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis affects millions of people and causes burdens to both the…

Many have asked, what is Osteoporosis? Who does it effect? And will it affect me? These are some questions that could be going through a lot of people's minds. But the first question a person may ask is, what is Osteoporosis? According to (HealthFinder) it is a medical condition, a bone disease that makes your bones weaker, and more likely to break. It is said, that anyone can get osteoporosis, and its a continuous disease. Its most common in older women, usually after 50. But age, is not the…