Osteoclast

Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is the gradual process in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue. They become less dense as tissue is lost and become weak and more prone to fractures. This may be due to a variety of factors and usually occurs during old age. Women are more susceptible to the development of osteoporosis. Women are more susceptible to developing osteoporosis, women are four times more likely to develop osteoporosis in their lifetime. Causes: Low oestrogen in…

CELLS The immune system is a complex network of cells and chemicals. It's mission is to protect us against foreign organisms and substances. The cells in the immune system have the ability to recognize something as either "self" or "invader" and they try to get rid of anything that is an invader many different kind of cells , and hundreds of different chemicals , must be coordinated for the immune system to function smoothly. Recent scientific advances in human stem cell research have…

action and encoded by non-plasmid potential virulent gelE gene and possesses hydrolytic activity (Lindenstrau et al., 2011). Gelatinase also be produced by various cells of mammalian system such as epithelial cells, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, etc. and host gelatinase plays a vital role in the normal physiological processes such as regulation of formation and remodeling of tissues by extracellular matrix degrading functions. Gelatinase has broad spectrum of the substrate which…

Introduction Osteoporosis, a preventable and treatable disease, affects both men and women in the geriatric population. According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases, osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures of the hip, spine, and wrist.1 Geriatric patients are more at risk of developing osteoporosis due to increased age and a decrease…

“Soda drinking has previously been associated with lower bone mineral density in women and children...diet soda drinking behaviors are often different than regular soda drinking behaviors - women often use diet sodas in an effort to avoid weight gain- either to stave off hunger between meals or as a replacement for calorie-containing beverages. Many women drink over 20 diet sodas per week.”(diseaseproof) The question is, are diet sodas destroying people’s bone structures? Diet soda contains many…

-The axial skeleton consists of a the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, vertebral column (spine), sternum bone, and the ribs. -The appendicular skeleton consists of the shoulder girdles, upper limbs, pelvic girdles, and lower limbs. -Bones are living tissue that make up the skeleton. They are primarily composed of three types of tissue. These three types are compact tissue, cancellous tissue, and subchondral tissue. -Compact tissue is the outer layer of bones and is harder than the other…

Multiple Myeloma Cancer comes in many forms and severity, and nearly everyone can relate to cancer in one way or another. One specific cancer of the bone has affected many today, and the number of cases is increasing every year. “Multiple myeloma is the most common primary bone cancer among U.S. adults aged 70 years and older, and the incidence of the disease is increasing” (Reisenbuckler, 2014, p. 391). Because this disease is increasing, it is important to know exactly what multiple myeloma is…

Background Information Singapore is currently undergoing the setback of a rapidly ageing population. Invariably, the older generation aspires to age gracefully and successfully but, the truth is that only some are able to enjoy good health. Many suffer from incidents of acute exacerbation that requires hospitalization, followed by long episodes of recovery and rehabilitation for functional restoration. The geriatric care services in Singapore are wide and readily available, ensuring the…

The Musculoskeletal System Introduction Like the other systems of the body, the musculoskeletal system provides an important function for the human body. It is perhaps one of the most important of the systems in that muscles, bones and joints provide the mechanisms for movement that facilitates the continuance of life processes, as well as the movements that make for an enjoyable life experience. Without the musculoskeletal system, which is comprised of bones, joints and muscles there would be…

for hydrolytic breakdown of glucosylceramide to glucose and ceramide. Deficiency of the enzyme leads to accumulation of glucosylceramide and other glycolipids in the lysosomes of macrophages, primarily in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, brain, osteoclasts and less often the lungs, skin, kidneys, conjunctivae and heart. The decimated form of glucosylceramide, glucosylsphingosine, is elevated in neuropathic disease and correlates more with phenotype severity compared to…