Osteoblast

The Musculoskeletal System Introduction Like the other systems of the body, the musculoskeletal system provides an important function for the human body. It is perhaps one of the most important of the systems in that muscles, bones and joints provide the mechanisms for movement that facilitates the continuance of life processes, as well as the movements that make for an enjoyable life experience. Without the musculoskeletal system, which is comprised of bones, joints and muscles there would be…

2.4.1 Magnesium Properties Magnesium is the essential to human body and naturally it is found in bone and it is the fourth cation in human body. Magnesium is a lightweight metal with a density of 1.74 g/cm3. The fracture toughness of magnesium are greater than the ceramic materials such as hydroxyapatite. Elastic modulus and compressive yield strength of magnesium are similarly to human bone. The disadvantages of magnesium is it has low corrosion resistance and stimulatory effects on the growth…

Introduction Osteogenesis imperfecta describes a group of genetic disorders that are colloquially known as “brittle bone disease” and is estimated to affect around 7 out 100,000 people around the world. As the name suggests osteogenesis imperfecta is characterized by imperfect formation of the bones that leads to frequent fractures or breaks from minor trauma (Rauch et al., 2004). Depending on the severity of symptoms the impact to an affected individual 's life can differ. This paper will…

Muscular Dystrophy is a disease which leads to muscle weakness and loss of strength. This disease begins at an early age and symptoms appear during the early stages of childhood and it progressively destroys and deteriorates the muscles. Among the many types of Muscular Dystrophy, the most common and severe form is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is an inherited disorder and unlike other forms of Muscular Dystrophy, it is the one that develops and worsens quickly…

of TSLP decreases pancreatic tumor growth, breast cancer progression and lung metastasis [1k.1l]. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) also called interferon gamma inducing factor is an inflammatory cytokine which is expressed in macrophages, dendritic cells, osteoblasts, intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and microglial cells. IL-18 enhances maturation of T cells and natural killer cells [1m], and production of IL-10, IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-λ [1n]. IL-18 is known to induce immunosuppression in cancer…

First, you said only one eye has leukocoria in this infant. Leukocoria is a common clinical feature of retinoblastoma, and this indication is usually a late sign of the disease (Balmer et al., 2006). Retinoblastoma can be either a hereditary disease and a nonhereditary disease. Generally, 60% of the cases of retinoblastoma are nonhereditary, with the remaining 40% being hereditary. Usually, 25% of the hereditary cases have family disease history, which is what we have in this case (NORD).…

The Not So Funny Bones "To succeed in life, you need three things: a wishbone, a backbone and a funny bone" ("Reba McEntire"). This quote by musician Reba McEntire hits on what is needed for a successful life; ambition and a little luck, courage, and a sense of humor. But, in reality, many more bones are needed for a good life. Bones play a vital role in health and without them; everyone would be just a pile of tissues. Healthy bones help in nearly every function a person does; providing the…

Could our truth be encoded in our genetics? We can now access information about our genomes through genetic testing through companies that analyze, and find errors in, our genome. Genetic testing can help us better understand the current health status of our bodies. It’s vital that we develop an understanding of our internal environments; especially if we seek prosperity for the future without being affected by potential health issues caused by our genetic mutations. Specific diseases (or other…

According to the American Cancer Society’s Cancer Facts and Figures (2015), “cancer is the second leading cause of death among children aged 0-14 years of age. Mortality rates for child-hood cancer have declined by 67% over the past four decades, from 6.3 (per 100,000) in 1970 to 2.1 in 2011. The substantial progress in reducing childhood cancer mortality is largely attributable to improvements in treatment and high rates of participation in clinical trials” (p.11). With the increased rates of…

1.1 Lower Back Pain due to IVD degeneration Lower Back Pain(LBP) is broadly recognised as the single leading cause of disability in the world. It affects about 60-80% of the adult population and is a socioeconomic burden in the developed society today (Krock et al.2015). In the UK, approximately £12 billion is spent in the treatment of LBP, lost work days and social benefits (Maniadakis and Gray, 2000). A worse detrimental economic loss can be observed in the USA almost totalling $85 billion…