Orifice plate

ORIFICE PLATE: Definition: An orifice plate is a device that is used for the measurement of flow rate for reducing pressure or for the restricting flow. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (either liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice. But as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases & the fluid pressure decreases. Orifice Plate is the heart of the Orifice Meter. It restricts the flow & develops the differential pressure which is proportional to square of flow rate. The flow measuring accuracy entirely depends upon the quality of Orifice plate and its installation. Working…

4.7.3 Flow Meter Orifice Plates Depending on line size and site preference, the orifice bore should be rounded off to the nearest 0.1 or 1 mm. For variety control, standard orifice bores are to be defined at site or project level. Stainless steel orifice plates may be used for a differential pressure of 200 kPa maximum and, if mounted between carbon steel flanges, for a temperature of 450 °C maximum. 4.7.4 Installation Requirements 1. The straight length and other installation requirements of…

energy will be lost through a Venturi meter because Venturi meters do consume energy. Vibration, noise or can lose the material also had contributed to the same. 4. We can observe the result from the table that as a differential pressure of mm H2O increases, the flow rate also increases. As a result, we can confirm the result theoretically from Bernoulli’s equation. 5. In the Venturi meter, as the velocity is increased, pressure is decreased, and pressure difference will be utilized to measure…

The region is tectonically characterized by the ~6 kilometer thick oceanic Nazca plate subducting underneath the continental South American plate at a convergence azimuth of ~ 78 ͦ and at a rate of 6.6 centimeters per year making the area one of the most active convergent margins on earth, typically experiencing a Mw > 8 earthquake every 10 – 20 years (Moscoso, et.al., 2011). Notable quakes in recent history include the 1960 Mw = 9.5 Valdivia earthquake which was the largest ever recorded,…

The gas generation is due to E. coli metabolic processes that generates acid and changing the turbidity. 2. The Membrane Filtration Method did work as well. MF method can replace the MNP test for microbiological analysis of water sample. After the incubation of the mEndo plate for 24 hours it is perceptible the grown of E. coli colonies across the plate. The results of this method are shown in the figure 4. As it was used mEndo, just the E. coli colonies form bright green colonies with a…

discussion with the class. Ask if any students have ideas why the earths outer layer is constantly changing. Lesson: (20 minutes) This lesson will teach the student about fault lines and boundaries where two separate tectonic plates meet, and why volcanoes are formed. Begin with a brief introduction of the theory of plate tectonics. Explain to the class that plate…

towards the discontinuity. Over a period of time the chunks build up and sink into the lower part of the mantle or “slab avalanche”. This is where the mantle will compensate for the drop of the crust and push it up somewhere else. This creates those plumes or superplumes. Volcanism is a big part of the supercontinents, and plate tectonics are even more. Plate tectonics are well understood from when pangaea was around, but anything further than that, we don’t know. Ways to show that the…

obscured by clouds. Some tornadoes develop so rapidly that there is little advance warning possible. In some occasions the air will become very still and the winds may die down. If the tornado is not visible, a cloud of debris can mark the location of it. Behind a tornado, it is not uncommon to see clear unlit skies. Earthquakes are one of the most destructive and terrifying phenomena of nature with its terrible after effects. An earthquake is the fast rapid shake of the earth. This is…

Jared Diamond explores the history of the world from a unique view. An ecologist and evolutionary biologist himself, he was not particularly trained to examine the world in the way an anthropologist would. This book, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Society, delves into the known world and societies within it, at least as of 1997. Diamond wanted to uncover why history unfolded differently on the different continents over the last 13 thousand years, but more importantly he wanted to…

This paper examples the formation of the Deccan traps, the Deccan continental flood basalt, and present day Indian. Its first provides a brief background on what the Deccan Traps are and the history of their geologic integrity. The proof is explained through scientists seismic tomographic models and the evolution of the Indian plate, the Reunion island hotspot, and the evolution of lithospheric mantle structure. Keywords: deccan, mantle, plate, hotspot, reunion, reconstructions.…