Organic reaction

used to turn benzaldehyde, an electrophile, into a nucleophile. This nucleophilic benzaldehyde then reacts with another molecule of benzaldehyde to make benzoin. This means that benzaldehyde is the source of the electrophile and nucleophile in this reaction. The two molecules of benzaldehyde…

The rate of reaction in an enzyme catalysed reaction is also affected by the presence of inhibitors. In this experiment, the effect of temperature on reaction rate of enzyme will be studied. Peroxidase will be used as test enzyme and the variable to be studied is temperature (°C). At first, the experiment will be carried out at room temperature of 20°C. The temperature of the experimental setup will then be increased by keeping the reactants in a water bath at a temperature of 50°C. The enzyme…

Enzymes are organic catalysts that speed up reactions that occur by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. By lowering the activation energy, the chemical bonds are weakened, thus the reactions are much faster than without the catalyst. Enzymes are composed of proteins which shape dictates the function of the enzyme. On the enzyme it contains a part called the active site where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction undergoes. A substrate is the chemical involved in the…

conducted involved a process called the Maillard Reaction. When it comes to cooking meats, heating the food causes the proteins, especially those nearest the surface of the meat, to denature. These denatured proteins become more chemically reactive to other molecules in their environment. One of the primary reactions that occur when browning meats and many other foods is called the Maillard Reaction. The Maillard Reaction is a non-enzymatic chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing…

DCE with PPh3 and I2 at room temperature for 19-24hr. These reactions proceeded in mild condition and gave 2x to 80-97% yield by column chromatography. Then, we attempted to apply the method of Friedel–Crafts acylation in order to synthesis of acylated oxazoles from 5-methoxy -2-phenyl oxazole (*). The normal conditions which used Lewis acid such as AlCl3 or TiCl4 with TFAA in DCE did not proceed the acylation, however, the reaction of introducing trifluoroacetyl group at the C4-position of…

FOOD COLORS INTRODUCTION: Through pigments we observe the different colors at each step of our lives, because the pigments can be found in each organism in the world and plants are the main producers. Pigments can be easily found in fruits, vegetables and flowers. It can also be found in skin, eyes and in other complex body parts. Natural and synthetic pigments are used in food, furniture, cosmetics and other products. Natural pigment plays an important part in photosynthesis. The food colors…

lycopene’s conjugation, therefore causing a decrease in conjugation; which directly correlates to the stain no longer being visible to the eye but when illuminating the shirt with ultraviolet light the stain is visible again. Moreover, in order for an organic compound to absorb the visible light region, it must be conjugated…the degree of conjugation directly correlates to the electromagnetic spectrum’s wavelength and frequency. Polymer…

222: Organic Chemistry 2 January 29, 2016 “Conversion of Oxazolidinediones to Isoindoloisoquinolinones via Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Reaction” Researchers Ji-Young Min and Guncheol Kim from the Department of Chemistry at Chungnam National University developed a method of converting isoindoloisoquinolinones using a Friedel-Crafts reactions. Friedel-Crafts are reactions that involve a 2-step substitution mechanism where substituents are attached to aromatic rings. Two types of this reaction…

Examining Substitution Reactions of Several Alcohol-Containing Compounds Several Experiments were performed using substitutions reactions with hydrogen halides. These results and favor methods or pathways for the several alcohols were observed and will be discussed. Introduction for all the material Scheme 1. Substitution of 3-(m-tolyl)propan-1-ol to form 1-(3-bromopropyl )-3-methylbenzene. Aromatic materials used in this reaction has high boiling point thus the reaction was heated…

Some flame and a huge amount of smoke will be liberated from the rapidly burning sugar. The chemical formula of the reaction is described as below: 48KNO3 + 5C12H22O11 → 24K2CO3 + 24N2 + 36CO2 + 55H2O There are two ways the smoke bombs can be made at home. The first way is as mentioned above in the experiment. The second way involves using celluloid material which is…