Organic chemistry

Chemicals Congo red (CR) an anionic dye (C32H22N6Na2O6S2 and Molar Mass as 696.7 gmol-1) used in the present work (Fig.1a) and zinc acetate dihydrate were purchased from LOBA Chemie Company, India. Methylene blue (MB) a cationic dye (C16H18N3SCl and Molar Mass of 319.85 gmol-1) as shown in Fig.1b, was purchased from Oxford laboratory reagent Co. Zinc acetate used for the preparation of nanoparticles ZnO and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Biotech laboratory chemicals company. Ethyl alcohol…

Marcel Duchamp | Fountain “All in all, the creative act is not performed by the artist alone; the spectator brings the work in contact with the external world by deciphering and interpreting its inner qualification ..” Do you know, which artist could have said this? That was a citation of Marcel Duchamp, one of the most important artists of the 20th century. In the next few minutes I will give you some informations about the person, who said this quite interesting words. Duchamp‘s life…

7.59 From the stress–strain data for poly(methyl methacrylate) shown in Figure 7.24, determine the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength at room temperature [20°C (68°F)], and compare these values with those given in Tables 7.1 and 7.2. Solution From Figure 7.24, the elastic modulus is the slope in the elastic linear region of the 20C curve, which is The value range cited in Table 7.1 is 2.24 to 3.24 GPa (325,000 to 470,000 psi). Thus, the plotted value is a little on the…

Introduction Enzymes, which speed up a chemical reaction without being consumed or changing the products of the reaction, are very important because they control the cellular activity of all living organisms. Enzymes are also described as being “catalysts”. In biological systems, specific enzymes catalyze particular cellular reactions. Each enzyme has a unique 3-D shape, and this shape determines which reaction it catalyzes. However, in order for a chemical reaction to move forward, an energy…

A weakness in this experimental design is the manual dilution of the Aquasol concentrations. This is because, if a random error were to occur, and the diluted Aquasol concentration does not result in the desired concentration, the validity, reliability, and precision of the results is majorly decreased. Whereas if the Aquasol concentrations were already previously diluted in a lab by professionals, or were bought in the correct concentrations, the reliability, validity, and precision of the…

Introduction: All living organisms require the process of osmosis in order to live. When there is a semi-permeable membrane separating differing parts of an aqueous solution, the fluid will flow from the section with the higher osmotic pressure to the section with the lower osmotic pressure (HammelSchlege2005). This happens because the solute molecules diffuse toward the fluid with a lower concentration and the solute molecules drag the water through which they diffuse (HammelSchlege2005). This…

The purpose of this experiment was to use aldol condensation methods to synthesize colored cyclopentadienone and then UV/VIS spectrophotometry to characterize the dienone structure synthesized. The information gathered from the UV/VIS analysis was then compared to a computer model of the desired product to analyze the optimal 3D structure of the dienone. The base catalyzed condensation reaction was used to form the product for analysis, followed by vacuum filtration to recover the product. Both…

Usually, this state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. Chemical reactions vary greatly in the speed at which they occur. Some are essentially instantaneous, while others may take a very long time to reach equilibrium. The reaction is presented by The time in the reaction when the mixture remains colourless is the clock period. This will depend upon the initial concentrations of the sodium bisulphite ions (NaHSO3) and the potassium iodate ions…

The questionnaire was prepared a four-point Likert scale in which the instructors, department heads, and laboratory technicians were required to give their views as strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the nine positive statements regarding whose responsibility of establishing safe and secure chemical laboratory. As shown in table 2, the majority of respondents claimed that strongly agree and agree with the statements: share the skills that students and other workers need…

Experimental: Materials – double salt (self-made & EIU Chemistry Stockroom), 6 M HCl (EIU Chemistry Stockroom), 10% BaCl2, 6 M HNO3 (EIU Chemistry Stockroom) Equipment – Ocean Optics Spectrometer USB4000, Logger Pro Procedure – In order to find the mass percent of the sulfate, the sulfate needed to separate itself from the rest of the double salt. To do this, experimenters began by weighing out 0.998 g of the double salt into a 250-mL beaker. They then used the graduated cylinder to add about…