Organelle

Lymphocytes are found in the blood stream and at sites of infections but are found in two different forms that have many similarities and differences. They are both a type of white blood cell and are formed from stem cells (Toole and Toole 2008) but then mature into different cells known as T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells). T cells mature in the thymus with cell surface molecules TCR and CD3 and release lymphokines, whereas, B cells mature in the bone marrow with cell surface…

There are two different ways that electron flows, cyclic and noncyclic (linear). Noncyclic Electron flow is important for processes such as the synthesis of ATP and NADPH, since it is the key to the energy transformation in these mechanisms (Campbell 195). Linear/Noncyclic electron flow occurs mainly during light reactions of photosynthesis by having the flow of electrons go through the photosystems and other molecular components that are built into the thylakoid membrane (Campbell 195). They…

Microorganisms possess many virulence factors which are usually decided by their genetic makeup. Not many virulence determinants of bacteria are expressed phenotypically. Capsule is one such bacterial organelle which displays many functions that include adherence, resistance to immune clearance, protection against environmental factors and many others including the typing of bacteria based on their specific capsular antigen and rapid diagnosis of capsulated bacterial infections using…

CELLS The immune system is a complex network of cells and chemicals. It's mission is to protect us against foreign organisms and substances. The cells in the immune system have the ability to recognize something as either "self" or "invader" and they try to get rid of anything that is an invader many different kind of cells , and hundreds of different chemicals , must be coordinated for the immune system to function smoothly. Recent scientific advances in human stem cell research have…

How are humans, or any sentient life for that matter, anything more than complex arrangements of meat, neurons, and bone? The biophysical explanation of human physiology explains, quite in depth, the entire genetic makeup and biochemical arrangements from the simplicity of a ball and socket joint to the complexity of the brain. Surely the vast amount of research regarding human physiology could spearhead further research into the complexities of perception and thought, correct? There is no way…

Tetrahymena contractions with different solutions Purpose: How fast will the Tetrahymena contractile vacuole contract in different solutions? Introduction: In this experiment, the organism that is used are the Tetrahymena. The Tetrahymena has a contractile vacuole that protects them from absorbing too much water, causing cytolysis, in which a cell swells up and could result in explosion of the cell. The contractile vacuole expands when water enters it and contracts to release water to maintain…

The primary survey carried out in ED for Mrs. Kelly included assessment of the airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure, fluids, and glucose levels (utilization of A-G assessment format). The assessment of the airway showed no signs of obstruction or noisy breathing and the patient was breathing spontaneously, able to talk in full sentences. The airway assessment is done to ensure that airway is patent (Jarvis, 2012). Mrs. Kelly’s airway was open and this assessment is usually…

All bacteria are lacking of a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, classifying them as prokaryotes. In the six-kingdom system used by the United States, all bacteria fall into the taxonomic kingdom of either archaebacteria or eubacteria. Bacteria are all unicellular and microscopic regardless of which kingdom they are grouped in. In general, archaebacteria are thought to resemble the first living bacteria on earth and are normally grouped by the climate in which they…

Cellular Respiration takes place on the level of the cell, inside the mitochondria. This is the process of breaking down food in the presence of oxygen to form ATP. ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate which is an energy bearing molecule found in all living cells1. Things such as bacteria can perform this with their outer membranes. When a person runs, they use cellular respiration to create energy in the form of ATP which allows their muscles to move. Many other energy-consuming reactions of…

concentrations of solute. Introduction: To fully understand this experiment you should have a solid basis of background information on a few a topics. The cell membrane, for example, is the flexible barrier which surrounds the cell (see Figure 1). This organelle controls what is able to enter and exit the cell, which is known as selective permeability. The permeability of a cell membrane affects the concentration gradient between the inside and outside of the cell. Figure 1: Structure of the…