Orbital

systems (Swinburne University of Technology, n.d.). All of the objects orbiting the centre of the galaxy must maintain an orbital velocity, the velocity at which an object can orbit a mass without falling towards it. The formula to give the orbital velocity for a satellite is: V=√(GM/r) (Blackman, n.d.) While the Law of Universal Gravitation…

understand how the orbitals functioned in an atom, we were assigned to build a quantum model of our given element. For the assignment, we had to represent at least three shells in or model and it had to be strong enough to hang on the ceiling. The element I received was Terbium. Terbium is located in the sixth period and the lanthanide series. Because it was located in the lanthanide series, I had to research how to build the f-block orbitals. The f-block orbital is the most challenging orbital…

same formula of C10H8, their differing arrangement of carbon atoms in rings causes disparities in their molecular orbitals. As shown in the energy difference calculations below Table 1, naphthalene has an energy difference of -10.184 between its HOMO and LUMO orbitals while azulene has one of +6.904. The low energy difference of naphthalene FMOs would suggest that its HOMO and LUMO orbitals have relatively similar distributions of electron density among odd and even numbered carbons. Conversely,…

Objective The purpose of the experiment is to synthesize a compound with an organometallic iron-carbon bond and use infrared spectroscopy to investigate the unconventional sandwich structure. In addition, the experiment aims to understand pi-bonding of an arene ring, use cyclic voltammetry to understand the redox capacity of ferrocene, and explore the barriers between formal inorganic and organic chemistry definitions. Introduction Ferrocene was discovered unintentionally in 1949 when Miller…

the IUPAC as atoms that have an incomplete d-subshell, most commonly referring to the d-block.1 When transition metals are not bonded to any other molecule, the d-orbitals are degenerate.2 However, when the metal starts bonding with other ligands, effects on the electrons attached to the metal are induced. Specifically, the d-orbitals split, obtain different energy…

The Moons of Saturn Saturn has 62 known moons on verified orbits but only 53 have been officially named so far. Thirteen of these moons have diameters of more than 31 miles, thick rings and very complex orbital motions. Saturn’s moons range in size from small moonlets of less than a mile of diameter to big ones that are larger than planets like Mercury. 24 of these moons are classified as regular satellites as they have prograde orbits. The other 38 are small, except Phoebe, irregular satellites…

Because of these orbitals transition metals can form 18e complexes by utilizing all of their valance orbitals to create molecular orbitals whereas the compounds of main group elements obey the octet rule and therefore are 8e compounds. The exception to 8 valance electrons is observed in case of the compounds in which the nd orbital energy of the far-right main group element decreases as a result of which the nuclear charge increases to such a level that these orbitals are utilize to form bonds…

1.1 Introduction: The incidence of zygomatic complex fracture is relatively high. A thorough understanding of the diagnosis and the surgical principles are of critical importance. The zygomatic bone provides the facial appearance, through its cheek prominence. This prominence plays an important role in the protection of the eye. Moreover, the zygomatic bone acts as a strong buttress for the absorption and transmission of masticatory forces to the base of skull. Therefore, the optimum reduction…

following two conditions: 1) the atom has at least one lone pair of electrons and 2) the atom is connected to at least one sp2 hybridized atom. An sp2 hybridized atom has three sp2 hybrid orbitals and 1 unhybridized p-orbital. A hybrid orbital is used to form a bond while an unhybridized p-orbital…

Notice that both have just one electron after the noble gas in an s-orbital. Things that have valence electrons in the s-orbital are said to be in the s-block.…