or nonviolent resistance

coli bacteria with a +pGlo gene to make the bacteria antibiotic resistance, have the ability to glow, and the switch to turn on and off the glowing gene. The independent gene for this lab was the addition of the plasmid into the E. coli bacteria, with the dependent variable being the expression of the gene insertion by…

Naturally, our bodies contain both bad and good bacteria. The good bacteria (probiotics) are responsible for our gut health. Candida is an example of bad bacteria, which when it surpasses the required level, it produces toxins causing diseases and infections. Ingestion of probiotics kill candida by changing the PH level that reduces its survival, preventing over multiplication of bad bacteria in the body. How then do you use probiotics to kill Candida? Constant production of toxins from candida…

Clostridium tetani is a bacillus, or rod-shaped bacteria responsible for the often-fatal disease tetanus. The word tetanus originated from the Greek word tetanos, which means to ‘stretch’. It is a Gram-positive bacterium and often appears to be shaped like a tennis racket, drumstick, or club when stained. This unusual appearance is the result of sporulation that occurs within the cell. C. tetani is an obligate anaerobe and relies solely on fermentation. Since it is an obligate anaerobe, this…

Hence, if the bacteria has increased resistance, a smaller inhibition zone will be seen, and vice versa. The average class data for the diameters of the zones of inhibition were recorded in a lab notebook and the SIR table was used to determine whether each bacteria is susceptible (sensitive)…

Clostridium botulinum is a gram positive bacteria, spore-forming rod that produces a potent neurotoxin. Clostridium botulinum is prevalent in soil and marine sediments worldwide, most commonly as spores. These spores are found everywhere, but while the spores are generally harmless, the danger can occur once the spores begin to grow out into active bacteria and produce neurotoxins. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in foods that are incorrectly or minimally processed.. Clostridium…

Botulinum Toxin is categorized as a neurotoxin. Having a fatal dose of merely one to two micrograms it is considered one of the most lethal neurological agents known. The toxin is a microbial product synthesized by an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria Clostridium botulinum whose natural habitat is soil (Qiagen). There are seven antigenically distinguishable exotoxins differentiated by the use of the prefix BoNT followed by the letters A-G. Although each has a slightly different…

The Spread of Ebola in West Africa Nancy V. Jaime National University Abstract The Ebola virus has become an epidemic spreading throughout West Africa including Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. The Ebola virus has killed thousands of people and infected millions of families including children. The natural reservoir for Ebola virus is derived from fruit bats and the transmission to humans is likely to be from bush meats, and direct human contact via bodily secretions (blood, saliva,…

Abstract 6- bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives 2-7 were synthesized.. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-microbial activity using the agar diffusion technique . The tested compounds were evaluated against, Gram +ve bacteria , Gram -ve bacteria, Yeast and Filamentous Fungus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was made in vitro for compounds which showed antimicrobial activity. Compound 3b has broad spectrum activity against Gram +ve bacteria, Gram…

Antibiotic sensitivity Introduction: Initially, when treating patients for bacterial infections it is important to understand the type of microorganism being dealt with and what type of antibiotic will kill it. There are three main characteristics that scientists look for in useful antibiotics: the toxicity, manufacturing, and its ability to work and be expelled safely. First, is the ability of the antibiotic reaching its target with minimal toxicity to the patient. The second characteristic is…

Bacteria! They're everywhere, and they are usually harmful. But did you know that some bacteria are actually good for you?.. Good bacteria, called Probiotics, are friendly to the human body, and actually are very important to have inside of us. While many of us have heard of probiotics some people are still unsure or even confused as to exactly what they are and what they do. I have been asked number of times to provide some clarity on this subject. The following is a Q & A of the most common…