Optics

Congenital optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a condition in which one or both optic nerves are not fully developed, giving the appearance of abnormally small, pale optic nerve heads upon fundus examination (AAPOS, n.d.). In comparison to the size of the disc, the retinal blood vessels appear larger than normal, when in actuality the vasculature is of normal caliber (Kaur et al, 2013). This non-progressive developmental abnormality is typically characterized by a combination of neurological,…

1 Introduction Interferometry is a measurement technique which utilizes the interference of waves in a medium to cre-ate interference patterns [5]. In general, the waves can be light, sound or radio waves. The interference pattern is detected by a photodetector and it provides some useful information about the properties of the object or phenomenon under test. Interferometers are used to make very small measurements that cannot be achieved with any other method. An important…

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is an inherited form of vision loss. The prevalence of LHON in most populations is unknown and the relative frequency of the different LHON-causing mtDNA variants is said to vary throughout the world. Overall, the m.11778G>A variant is the most prevalent, accounting for 70% of cases among northern European (Mackey et al 1996) and approximately 90% of cases in Asian populations (Mashima et al 1998, Jia et al 2006). It affects 1 in 8,500 to 1 in 50,000…

I. Optical Art Background/History Optical Art is a type of art that using the “illusion” of seeing something that does not exist. This art style tricks the brain into seeing things that do not exist or things that are not actually happening. There is a lot of repeating lines, shapes, and images, which sometimes appear to be moving. The term Op Art first appeared in Time Magazine in October 1964. Op Art is still a big part of the today's world and culture. Optical illusions are awesome to…

a) Microlens Micolens are small lenses with a diameter smaller than 1 mm, they can work by diffraction, refraction or a combination of these two. When arranged regularly on a single substrate they form a microlens array. In order to be considered a good quality lens, microlenses must have qualities such as to low wavefront aberrations, consistency of focal length and pitch across the array, durability and low price. (Daly 2001) Microlens arrays have several applications, such as CCD arrays,…

During the microscope lab, my partner and I learned how to properly use a microscope, calculate the field of view, and view and prepare slides. Microscopes are instruments used to view very small objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye. We found that microscopes have many different parts to them, including the diaphragm, ocular lens, and objective lenses. There are three powers of magnification, scanning power (4x), low power (10x), and high power (40x). To find the total magnification,…

Purpose: Observe a compound light microscope to learn the names of its major parts. Research: Microscope is an essential tool for the study of small structures such as cells. The most common type of microscope is the bright-field microscope, used for this purpose is the compound light microscope, it is called compound because it uses two sets of lenses the objective and the ocular. The ocular lens usually magnifies 10x.…

Ultrafast Electron Microscopy has been demonstrated to be an effective table-top technique for imaging the temporally-evolving dynamics of matter with subparticle spatial resolution on the time scale of atomic motion. A stringent enhancement of the UEM temporal resolution is demanded for recording snapshots of the electron motion which will provide a real-time access to all microscopic motions outside the atomic core and radically change our insight into the workings of the microcosm. Here, we…

Hue, Saturation, and Intensity are represented as HSI in HSI colour model. The HSI model is used as an alternative to, or alongside the RGB representation. In this model, the hue of a colour is its angle measure on a colour wheel. Pure red have hue value as 0°, pure green have hue value as 120°, and pure blues have hue value as 240°. Neutral colours like white, grey, and black are set to hue value 0° for feasibility. Intensity is total brightness of the colour and also defined numerically as the…

For the line shot I chose a vertical line. I saw that m railing had vertical lines and the curtain next to it did as well. So as I shoot this I make sure that I get all the vertical lines into the shot. Next is the depth of field shot. This was my favorite shot, I just loved the way the camera would focus in and out and doing that was changing the depth of the shot. I used the pen I was using for my homework and sat it on a book and put them inside of a bookshelf. I moved it many angles to show…