Optic nerve

Refraction of light is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another caused by its change in speed. This is the bending or breaking that occurs throughout this lab. Learning about refraction is the main purpose of this lab and is explained through four separate experiments. The first experiment includes a medium size glass, water, and a pencil. The first step of this section was to fill the glass to two-thirds full of water. Then take the pencil and circle it around both…

The technique used in representing three-dimensional images onto a two-dimensional picture plane is what is known as Perspective drawing. More specifically, Linear Perspective is described as ‘a type of perspective used by artists in which the relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at a point on the horizon.’ Certainly one of perspectives’ main uses in painting is in establishing the position from which the artist or spectator observes…

Annotated Bibliography and Reflection Kropscot, Carole . “Basic Portrait Photography.” Just for Beginners (2009): 5. Print. (Atkins) This article goes on to explain the photographer gets the subject to be all natural and not nervous. They do it by just striking conversation with them. Also you do not have to have a expensive flash, you can use a lamp to get the same lighting. I learned that outdoor light in the shade is better than direct sunlight because of the lens flare. One of the main…

Have you ever stood at the beginning of a very long room or hallway? If you have, then you probably noticed that everything gradually gets smaller in the distance. This is called linear perspective and it is defined by creating an illusion of depth on a flat surface through a series of lines that converge in a single vanishing point. Many architects use linear perspective in there work to this day, but Filippo Brunelleschi was the one who started it long ago in the design and construction of…

An inverted fluorescence microscope is an inverted compound light microscope equipped with modules to internally separate the different wavelengths of light, and direct them to respective detection channels. Its main components include a light source, an objective, a filter cube and a detection unit, which can be an eyepiece or a camera (Fig.1). Filter cube is a component which separates a fluorescence microscope from a light microscope. It consists of one excitation filter, one emission filter…

Fresnel Equations The intensity of reflection in between two different medium of propagation can be calculated by using Fresnel’s equation. Light can either be s-polarized, p-polarized or unpolarized. The light radiated by the sun is an unpolarized light. In order to calculate the total reflection of an unpolarized light, we must first solve the reflected light using the Fresnel equation for s and p polarized reflection. For simplification purpose, the derivation of Fresnel’s equation will be…

The slide used during the Microscope Lab was a wet-mount slide which was used in order to view the specimens from the microscope. A wet-mount is a method for preparing specimens to view using a microscope. A myriad of specimens look better when placed in a drop of water on the microscope slide. The water supports the sample and fills the space between the coverslip and the slide. This allows light to pass easily through the slide, the sample, and the coverslip. Scientists use the wet-mount…

What is the photon detection efficiency (PDE) of a SiPM? Photon detection efficiency (PDE) refers to the probability that a photon arriving on the SiPM surface is detected, an initiates the process of current pulse generation. PDE is a function of the overvoltage ΔV across the terminals of the APD and wavelength λ of the incident photon. Photon detection efficiency is one of the most important characteristics of a SiPM. PDE is the product of three factors :- Geometrical fill factor (FF), Quantum…

The Kinect V2 is composed of a time-of-flight continues-wave camera with a resolution of 512*424 pixels (width*height), an RGB camera with a resolution of 1920*1080 pixels (width*height), an array of 4 microphones and some electronics for signal elaboration. The camera is able to acquire images at a maximum frequency of 30 Hz. Sending out invisible structures pulses into the scene whilst measuring the individual traveling time of each point in the pulse (See figure 3.1, page 16). The operating…

Abstract- The main material and focus in this lab is the compound light microscope. During this lab you will check the microscopes by drawing what you see to make sure the high and low powers work properly. After you tested your microscope you take a toothpick and scrap it on the side of you mouth and examine what you see through the microscope, your final results should be a drawing of what you saw through both the high and low powered lens. Introduction- This lab is based on the…