Opium

Denying American citizens the use of forbidden narcotics and blocking both import and export of any illegal substances, the United States war on drugs is an attempt from government officials to safeguard the public from the use of illegal narcotics. This drug war has had a presence in American history since 1971 when President Nixon addressed the nation stating, “America 's public enemy number one in the United States is drug abuse. In order to fight and defeat this enemy, it is necessary to…

Global trade due to the flow of silver had both positive and negative effects on the countries involved in this exchange. A map depicting the flow of silver between 1570 and 1750 shows the places the silver was transported before reaching its final destination. This final destination was often China, and once the Chinese got possession of the silver, they didn’t usually use that to trade. Instead, they used luxury goods that they manufactured, such as silk. This buildup of silver in China and…

Opioids are a class of drugs that include the illegal drug heroin, a synthetic drug called fentanyl, and pain relievers available legally by prescription, such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine, morphine, and many others. Opioids work by binding to the body’s opiate receptors; highly concentrated in areas of the brain that control pain and emotions. When opiate drugs bind to these receptors, they can drive up dopamine levels in the brain’s reward areas, producing a state of euphoria and…

A short documentary “Opium Brides,” reported by Najibullah Quraishi in the PBS Frontline, analyses and describes the ongoing problems caused by opium in Afghanistan. This video with its source of interviewing Afghan people is describing the reality of an unfortunate disaster in that part of the world. Questions about how their problem started in the first place, causes made by it, and some other sad, unspoken problems that people are suffering about opium. People in Afghanistan because of their…

commodities such as silver, tea and opium were bartered between the countries. During this trade, the British, used India as an instrument to produce opium. The British then intended to sell the opium to China in return for tea and silver that was exported to Britain. The triangular trade between Britain, China, and India was therefore responsible for the formation of the British trade monopoly on China. The Chinese government was struggling to ban opium smoking recreationally and by…

Mesopotamia. Opium was given the name Hul Gil, the ‘joy plant” by the Sumerians because its effects were considered magical and mystical. Throughout the years, opium was passed to the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Egyptians, the Middle East, Europe, Persia and India, and China. By 1729, the opium problem had become so widespread that the Chinese banned the use of opium for anything other than licensed medical use and in 1799; all opium trade was banned in China. After the ban, the opium…

Boom!Krackle!Pop! Did you know you use gunpowder every fourth of July while popping fireworks? There were many different resources swapped along the silk road including gunpowder,silk,and tea ,that we still use today. Did you know Gunpowder was discovered in the 900’s while trying to find medicine for a cure.Gunpowder is a black substance like mineral .It is highly flammable. It was invented in the 9th. gunpowder is usually used with explosives and firework today.But it originally was…

The pharmacokinetics of morphine and codeine in human plasma and urine after oral administration of a papaveris pericarpium containing traditional Chinese medicine The opiate morphine (MOR) and codeine (COD) are found in natural poppy products of papaveris pericarpium, which is the principal active component in many traditional Chinese medicines for treating cough. Despite its long history of use, little is known about the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of papaveris pericarpium, which are important…

Once the silver trade had begun to take root, the Indian Ocean trade routes began to decline, after lasting about seven hundred years. During that time, China wasn’t effected as economically as it was socially and politically. China had began a tribute system with several Muslim nations across the Indian Ocean. Emperors would send diplomats sending gifts to the foreign lands. Although these mission were economically based, they places China on a higher standing point since the nations were…

What is Mandrax? Mandrax is an industry name of a synthetic barbiturate type drug that is made by combining a variety of chemicals which include Methaqualone, which is its active ingredient and which has sedative hypnotic properties and Diphenhydramine which is an antihistamine and also has sedative properties. Mandrax comes is a tablet form in a variety of colors such as; white, pink, purple, brown and green and is marked with the manufacturers symbol. Methaqualone was first synthesized in…