It often also affects the meninges (the membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord), causing meningoencephalitis. It is the reaction of the body's immune system to infection or invasion, and is often caused by a viral infection or a reaction to a virus or foreign protein. The viruses that cause primary, or viral encephalitis can be epidemic, like Polio, or sporadic, including herpes simplex virus, type 1…
In the hypothalamus, there is a neural circuit known as the melanocortin system, which includes two populations of neuron located in the arcuate nucleus, that express the proopiomelanocortin propeptide (POMC) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) (Roseberry, Stuhrman et al. 2015). POMC propeptide is the precursor to the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α, β, and γ-MSH) (Roseberry, Stuhrman et al. 2015). The melanocortin system plays a significant role in controlling feeding and body weight…
The primary body system involved with schizophrenia and depression is the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. Within the nervous system, the CNS is the integration and control centre. Through communicating cells named neurons, the CNS interprets sensory input and generates motor output (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013). Neurons are cells that are specialised for rapid communication. Communication between neurons occurs at junctional points, or synapses. (Kiernan &…
Roles of Sensory Receptors, Sensory Neurons and Specialized Sensory Receptors Sensory neurons are nerve cells within the nervous system that convert external stimuli from an individual’s environment into internal electrical impulses that can be transmitted from one neuron to another. For example, taste buds located in our mouth are sensory neurons that work with olfactory receptors in order to determine the flavour of the food. They are able to do this, in simple terms, because a stimulus…
information our body picks up from the environment around us. Sensory information is received from the peripheral nervous system, which consist of sensations from the skin, muscles and our senses, which then transmitted to the brain. The information is then integrated and the individual has an adaptive response. An individual is composed of eight senses, which are tactile, olfactory, gustatory, visual, auditory, vestibular, proprioception and intraception. Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD), also…
high structural complexity, and non-linearity, that endows with a rich dynamic. It is also a physical system composed of neurons that communicate with each other through electrical discharges. With that in mind, it is no coincidence that the main model used in neuroscience to describe…
that interpret pain impulses. The thalamus establishes the awareness of pain, and the cerebral cortex verifies the severity of the pain, discovers where the pain is coming from, and responds to the pain. Five Special Senses 1. Sense of Smell The olfactory organs of the nose are linked with the sense of smell. To aid in food selection, the…
Parkinson’s disease is a slowly developing neurological disorder in which cells are lost in the brain. The fact that cells are lost makes it a progressive disorder of the nervous system. The National Parkinson Foundation states on their website that the most substantial area of degeneration is the Substantia Nigra in the brain which produces dopamine. Before symptoms occur, roughly 60%-80% of the neurons in the Substantia Nigra have diminished. Dopamine allows for communication between neurons…
In this paper, I decided to do research on the limbic system. The Limbic system is the area of the brain where emotional processing occurs. It was a large interest to me since I always found emotions to be absurd in some way. This research is important because it breaks down the complexity of how emotions work in the brain and why we have emotions. Also, I attempted to use examples to facilitate the information for somebody who was not to scientific to understand the paper. While writing this…
1. The nervous system maintains homeostasis by sending electrochemical signs throughout the body, coordinating and executing both the voluntary and involuntary processes. The nervous system is the most complex system in the body and is comprised of the central nervous system, compromised of the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, composed of the nerve extensions beyond those central pathways. 2. Central nervous system processes information and dictates actions…