Olfactory receptor neuron

in the brain, such as touching a hot stove. A sensation is when the brain becomes aware of a stimulus, such as pain. 2. Pain receptors are excited by any type of tissue damage. 3. Referred pain is a phenomenon when you feel pain in an area other than where the pain originates from. 4. The thalamus and cerebral cortex are the parts on the brain that interpret pain impulses. The thalamus establishes the awareness of pain, and the cerebral cortex verifies the severity of the pain, discovers where the pain is coming from, and responds to the pain. Five Special Senses 1. Sense of Smell The olfactory organs of the nose are linked with the sense of smell. To aid in food selection, the…

other organisms. People detect smells by breathing in air that carries odors. Odors come from molecules that have been released into the air from many different substances. These molecules stimulate olfactory receptor cells inside the nose. The receptor cells send impulses created by the odor along the olfactory nerves. The nerve impulses travel to the brain, then process impulses into information about the odor (World Book). In 1991, Axel and Buck worked together, and discovered a family of…

anatomy and structure of Gray wolves in Yellowstone, here is a list of the main characteristics of these predators: - Long legs, narrow chest and flexible feet (with four toes on hindfoot and five on forefoot – only four touching the ground when walking); - Elongated skull with very large nasal cavity and olfactory region (which is fourteen times bigger than the ones of humans); - Forty-two teeth: large canines (at least 5 cm long) and incisors to hold preys, carnassial to chew flash and…

Aromatherapy is defined as the controlled use of essential plant oils for preventative and therapeutic purposes (Koo, 2017). The term “aromatherapy” was not coined until much later by Rene-Maurice Gatteefosse, who experimented with aromatherapy in World War I for wound treatment (Butje, Repede, 2008). Since then, oils have been used in the UK and Europe for treatment but still has not debuted in the United States as a prescribed form of treatment (Butje, Repede, 2008). Essential oils act on the…

et al, 2005). The mammalian olfactory system controls a plethora of functions such as homeostasis, emotions such as fear, anger, pleasure and anxiety, sexual and maternal functions as well as communal behaviours such as distinguishing between tribe or family and outsiders (Lledo et al, 2005). Rodents have a separate organ known as the vomeronasal organ to detect chemical compounds such as…

Describing the Roles of Sensory Receptors, Sensory Neurons and Specialized Sensory Receptors Sensory neurons are nerve cells within the nervous system that convert external stimuli from an individual’s environment into internal electrical impulses that can be transmitted from one neuron to another. For example, taste buds located in our mouth are sensory neurons that work with olfactory receptors in order to determine the flavour of the food. They are able to do this, in simple terms, because a…

Messenger Much of the CNS is made up of neurons. Each neuron has a cell body, which includes a soma with a nucleus, a nucleolus, a cytoplasm called the perikaryon, and wide branching extensions called dendrites. Dendrites are like antennae which receive signals from other neurons or body cells. Their plasma membranes and cell bodies contain many receptor sites for binding chemical messengers, or neurotransmitters. Such structures are often short, tapering, and highly branched. They forming a…

Molecular control of adult neurogenesis in the human subependymal zone Adult neurogenesis The generation of new functional neurons from multipotent neural stem cells, termed neurogenesis, has been shown to persist in many mammalian species in two regions of the adult brain: the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subependymal zone [SEZ, also subventricular zone] adjacent to the lateral ventricles [1, 2]. Lower levels of neurogenesis have been reported in other regions of…

system involved with schizophrenia and depression is the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. Within the nervous system, the CNS is the integration and control centre. Through communicating cells named neurons, the CNS interprets sensory input and generates motor output (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013). Neurons are cells that are specialised for rapid communication. Communication between neurons occurs at junctional points, or synapses. (Kiernan & Barr, 2005).…

Important Vocabulary (highlighted in the handout): Stimulus, neurons, dendrites, neurotransmitters, axon, myelin, action potential, graded potential, transmembrane potential, neuroglia, cerebrum, spinal cord What is the central nervous system? It’s a system which consists of the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. This system only makes up about 3% of a human’s body weight but serves a vital function, gathering information about and reacting to its environment and any stimulus. Don’t Shoot the…