Occupational segregation

Pruitt Igoe housing is a notorious example of failed public policy of the government. The complex was supposed to put the modernist ideals of Le Corbusier into action; at the time, Architectural Forum ran a story praising the plan to replace “ramshackle houses jammed with people—and rats” in the city's downtown with “vertical neighborhoods for poor people.” It seemed a really compelling solution as it provided the poor labors suitable living quarters with close access to jobs and other urban…

Not long after the passing of Emmet Till couple of months after the fact, the 43 years of age common right extremist Rosa Parks who filled in as a secretary for the neighborhood office of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks got captured for declining to surrender her seat on the isolated city transport to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. This drove the isolation of open transportation to go under assault. The law required that when…

Through many years America has seen countless amounts of conflict. From the Cold War to the Civil Rights movement conflict was never pretty as many people were hurt and killed. Therefore, Conflict is important when it becomes nation wide because it forces us to learn about the problem and deal with it but, when it is hidden from us or we are afraid to speak it doesn’t allow us to progress. To begin the Civil Rights movement for African Americans, a spark had to initiated and it all began…

African-Americans and Caucasian people separated. These laws were administered at classrooms, bathrooms, theaters, diners, even water fountains were separated. In 1954 the U.S Supreme Court had come up with the plan of “Separate but Equal” which made racial segregation legal and it did not interfere with the fourteenth amendment. Throughout these times there have been Supreme Court cases that have dealt with racial injustices such as the Dred Scott vs. Sanford, Plessy vs. Ferguson and…

For decades, scores of African individuals and their families have made the conscious decision –motivated either by cultural ties, economics, war, the environment, or political unrest – to undertake the transnational journey of relocation to France. Such a monumental, intercontinental journey carries with it significant socio-political implications for immigrants, especially with regards to families. For many Africans, France, a nation with strong historical and colonial ties to the continent of…

War, Racism, and hard work, this was the way of life for most Americans in the 1900’s. Most African Americans were frowned upon and ridiculed, this was the type of world Toni Morrison was raised and lived in. An immense fact of Toni Morrison’s life is that she grew up during a time of extreme racism and civil rights movements for blacks. Being African American herself, Toni, experienced a lot of this action. A lot of her writing was mostly impacted by this time in history. Toni Morrison, is…

A Day Of Shame In The Land Of Free -Himank Agrawal ,Ramjas Recently, there was a horrific attack at a historic church in Charleston, South Carolina, carried out by a young white man who targeted the church simply because it was serving African-Americans. As per the witnesses, he said that he was there to shoot the black people. Although the country might give it any name but it is clear that it is an act of terrorism. Unlike a…

In Martha Menchaca’s sixth chapter she focuses on the events proceeding the Mexican War for Independence and the results of the racial legislation passed. One of the components of the legislation changes she mentions with greater emphasis is that that Indians, mestizos, free afro-mestizos and whites were given citizenship status and political rights. She does signal to the fact that although the legislation changed it did not mean the change occurred within the people. Her claim being that the…

With the success of the ecumenical movement in South Africa, one hopes the same pressure can be applied to the current apartheid arising in the United States. As addressed by Douglas Massey in his 1990 book American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass, the United States since 1970 has witnessed a dramatic increase in poverty along racial lines. The primary locations of poverty are occurring in segregated cities. After the Jim Crow laws ended in the 1960’s, blacks all around…

Sit-ins and boycotts Sit-ins Trinity Bournes Little Rock - On November 1962, Little Rock's downtown lunch counters experienced a number of sit-ins that convinced businessmen and merchants to desegregate city facilities. Little Rock's story of downtown desegregation is similar to the others in the upper-South cities. A few high schoolers sitting in at a local diner Most sit-ins consists of college students and high schoolers. The students will sit down and try to order meals and drinks, but will…