Obstetrics

Genetic parameters were estimated using B-spline functions in random regression models for weight of Large White pigs measured between the 3rd and 36th week of age. The model accounted for contemporary groups, parity and sex as fixed effects while random effects modelled were; animal genetic effect, permanent environmental effect and maternal genetic effect along with heterogeneous residual variances. Heritability estimates decreased with age from 0.37 at 3 weeks to 0.27 at 36 weeks. Weight…

In modern day America, many doctors believe that technology is necessary to control the birthing process. However, technology often causes more problems than there would be otherwise. As a result, a growing number of women opt to give birth in birthing centers attended by midwives or at home attended by midwives or without outside birthing assistance. This alternative method has the possibility of being safer, as hospital births often result in a high infant and mother mortality rate, and…

CASE 1 Pregnancy Carried to Term After Conceiving with an Etonogestrel Subdermal Implant in Place A 26-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 2002, with an Implanon in place for 29 months, presented with a chief complaint of cessation of menses and a positive home pregnancy test. A viable singleton intrauterine pregnancy was confirmed via transvaginal ultrasound. The crown-rump-length was measured to be 0.41 cm, which was consistent with an estimated gestational age of 6 weeks and 1 day. At this…

Pregnancy is an unforgettable time in a women’s life. During pregnancy, women go through a wide array of major body changes, and during labor, may experience an excruciating amount of pain, but they are also gifted with a wonderful miracle at the end of this 9-month journey. A mother’s health during pregnancy is extremely crucial for positive fetal outcomes. While in the past, partaking in physical activity during pregnancy had been considered unsafe, more recent studies have showed the…

(1) Kleenex: “Tiny Miracles” - “I feel like… if I treat the babies, like I would want somebody to treat my baby when I am not there, that’s the most important thing.” Renee, a NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) nurse, describes how she takes care of the babies on severe condition every day. One day, she is asked to watch a video message and soon realizes that it is delivered from the babies’ moms to appreciate her miraculous care for their babies. Soon after, the healthily grown-up babies and…

According to all the respondents, Safe Childbirth Checklist helped them in governing the vitals of both mother and child. They also said that it helped them in determining the danger signs and critical condition of pregnant women with the help of Partograph, few said that it helped them in identifying PPH and thus preventing PPH with the help of oxytocin. It helped them in recalling the patient history as said by one of the labor room staff at Mundawar CHC. Most of them agreed that checklist…

One implementation that has been made is to improve childbirth and health of women and children in the U.S is the reduction of infant mortality. This was implemented by expanding programs that prepare mother for childbirth where they are educated on what to expect during labor and delivery. Immunization was implement to improve the health of children. Also implemented is skilled care during pregnancy and childbirth. 2. How is low birth weight defined? Gestational age? Identify five risk…

There are many diseases that affect certain age and gender groups. Tay Sachs is an age specific disease, which is genetically passed down from parent to child. Tay Sachs can be diagnosed as early as 11 weeks into pregnancy using chorionic villi sampling (CVS). If Tay Sachs is not diagnosed before birth, a red spot on the macula, is also an indicator that a child has the genetically fatal disease. Tay Sachs begins to affect infants as early as 3-6 months of age. Symptoms of Tay Sachs become…

“Doing Gender”, is a concept that was developed by Candace West and Don Zimmerman in the late 80’s, the article explained “Doing Gender” is not simply what a person is, it is something one does; we do gender in our daily interaction with people; we do gender knowing we will be judge by others; we cannot avoid doing gender. Relating this to Martin’s “Why do Women “do gender” during childbirth, the findings described diverse ways women “do gender” during childbirth and the surrounding issues that…

Stretch Marks Stretch marks are caused by fast growth of the elastic fibers in your skin that can’t keep up at the same pace. They occur in the dermis layer of the skin. It is more common in women than in men. It usually happens during puberty, pregnancy, and gaining weight in a short amount of time. Stretch marks appear reddish or purplish then usually turn white over time. The dermis is the middle layer of the skin. It is in between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue. It consists of…