Nucleus accumbens

Introduction Nucleotide is a building block for deoxyribose nucleic acids which is called DNA that has four base units,adenin(A) ,thymine(T) ,guanine(G), cytosine(C). The nucleotides can bond with their base pairs(A=T,G=C) to form a linear strand that is supported by sugar-phosphate backbone. In the linear strand, some of three base sequence is a codon and each codon is related to an amino acid. These codons come together in a linear sequence and create a gene. Gene can be called as cipher that…

Introduction Epigenetics, “above-genetics” is concerned with the mechanism that underlies developmental processes and canalization that are neither necessarily transmitted nor brought about by changes in the DNA sequence in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. At the cellular level it focuses on the developmental process that leads to cell determination and cell differentiation (Jablonka & Raz, 2009). Narrowly defined, epigenetics refers to the scientific approach concerned with changes in the…

As the basic building blocks of all living things, cells are the smallest essential units of life. However, even though cells are competent self-sustaining units, their survival depends on receiving and processing information from the outside environment (whether that information applies to the stock of nutrients, temperature change, or variations in light levels). Cells have different functions; getting nutrients from food and turning them into energy, give structure to the body, carry out…

What exactly do you know about the mitochondria? Where did this organelle come from and what does it do? The Mitochondria is the main source of energy or powerhouse in a cell. They are eukaryotic organelles that contain their own ribosomes and DNA and are surrounded by a double membrane. The more active a cell is, the more mitochondria are created. Depending on the structure and the shape of a cell, how much the mitochondria is constantly working to keep the cell functioning. Through cellular…

INVESTING DIFFUSION THROUGH LIVING MEMBRANES Introduction Cells are living membranes. They are the basic unit of life. They are very unique in that they have the capability of carrying out a large number of chemical reactions in the body, ability to respond to stimuli, capable of producing more of themselves, they have a genetic program and the means to use it, they acquire energy and utilize it, all in the process of the functioning of the human body, The life of a cell is also dependent on…

C-myc is a transcription factor that is involved in the strict regulation of the cell cycle. It regulates genes that promote the induction of the cell cycle and it is also involved in apoptosis. The c-myc ¬gene is one of the most commonly activated oncogenes and has been found to be overexpressed in many cancers. Activation of this oncogene may contribute to as many as 100,000 cancer deaths per year in the United States alone (Dang et al., 2006). The discovery that this gene is involved in so…

Mitosis I chose to do mitosis in my science project because i knew about mitosis more than the other topics on the list of options. In my project, i modeled mitosis with styrofoam balls, paint, and clay. I modeled the steps prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis . I modeled the steps by cutting the styrofoam balls in half, painted them and I put the clay models of organelles inside the styrofoam cell i made. I made skin cells as the type of cells i am using for my model, by…

filamentous organelles of all aerobic cells of higher animals and plants and also certain microorganism like protozoa. Studies show that that mitochondria are the direct descendants of a bacterial endosymbiont that became established at an early stage in a nucleus-containing host cell (Gray et al., 1999). Mitochondria are surrounded by a double-membrane system, consisting of inner and outer mitochondrial membranes separated by an intermembrane space. (Cooper, 2000). It has the outer membrane and…

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells, or cells with a membrane-bound nucleus. Unlike prokaryotic cells, the DNA in a plant cell is housed within the nucleus. In addition to having a nucleus, plant cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles, or tiny cellular structures, that carry out specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation. Organelles have a wide range of responsibilities that include everything from producing hormones and enzymes to providing energy for a plant cell.…

A eukaryote is a single-celled or multicellular organism that contains a membrane bound nucleus. A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus that entraps the DNA unlike the prokaryotic cell that lets it be free. A prokaryote is also known as bacteria. The DNA roams freely inside of the cell. Eukaryotic cells are large meanwhile prokaryotic cells are much smaller. There are many differences about the prokaryotes and eukaryotes cells. The DNA replication of a eukaryotic cell would be two chains held together…