Nucleus accumbens

The nucleus, controlling all of the cell's activities and containing its genetic information, remains the most important organelle of the cell today. Although the first observations of the nucleus can be dated back to the 1700s, Robert Brown is often the man given credit for its discovery. In 1831, he noticed an opaque mark in a plant cell. Brown was not aware at the time, but he had sparked thought for many scientists. Soon it was discovered that the nucleus could be found in more than just…

Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited trait from a parent that causes victims to have their blood cells turn into sickle looking shapes. Their many names or it including HbS disease Hemoglobin S disease, Hemoglobin SS disease. To get this disease, the offspring has to to get the trait from both the mom and dad in order to have it. You can’t get it like the flu, you can only get by inheriting it. There are prenatal tests for Sickle Cell Anemia which means they test babies before they are born with…

(Th1) to Th2 immune responses leads to B cell hyperactivity and the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antibodies to components of the cell nucleus in association with a diverse array of clinical manifestations.…

Fossils are a large part of discovering about the past, but to understand how fossils change over time, genes also need to be investigated. These investigations are just as important as the fossils, because of how DNA can be tested through the use of embryos. During Shubin’s expeditions into the Artic, one researcher, Randy Dahn, was experimenting with the embryos of sharks and skates. He would use various chemicals on the embryos, and examine the results to see what changes that the chemicals…

Nucleus In each cell, there is one nucleus. It is in the center of the cell, and takes up about ten percent of the cell’s volume. It is a large, oval-shaped structure bound by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. Inside the nucleus, are organelles called nucleoli, which assemble RNA and synthesize ribosomal subunits. Throughout the inside of the nucleus, is a substance called the nucleoplasm, which suspends the nucleus’ structures. The nucleus controls the activities of the cell to…

The Violinist Thumb is a book by Sam Kean that describes how DNA, and heredity function. The book is divided into four parts. Part one describes the basics of heredity. It goes into detail about base pairs, amino acids, RNA, and the such to give readers an overview of the system of heredity. One of my favorite stories from part one is the story of Tsutomu Yamaguchi, who survived both atomic explosions in Japan during World War II, and lived into his nineties. Part two discusses adaptations,…

This "Selectively Permeable" membrane regulates what passes into and out of the cell. 3. The cell membrane is a fluid mosaic of proteins floating in a phospholipid bilayer. 1.2.2 Cytoplasm: 1. Everything within the cell membrane which is not the nucleus is known as the cytoplasm. 2. Cytosol is the jelly-like mixture in which the other organelles are suspended, so cytosol + organelles = cytoplasm. 3. Organelles carry out specific functions within the cell. In Eukaryotic cells, most…

differences. One of the differences is that mitosis has one division whereas there are two divisions in meiosis. This is the reason meiosis is also known as a reduction division process. Thus, in meiosis germ cells are divided by two fissions of the nucleus which result in four gametes or sex cells. Each cell possesses half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. The process of meiosis occurs…

The smallest unit within a living thing is known as a cell. Organisms are also a living thing and cell is considered to be the basic block of organisms that builds them. There are many different types of cells in a living thing and are divided into two main categories (i) prokaryotic and eukaryotic. (Karp, 2010). Characteristics of living cell Cells are considered as the most fundamental unit that has the responsibility to carry functions within a living organism (De Robertis & De Robertis,…

Ancient Greek debated whether living organisms were composed of endlessly divisible fluid or indivisible subunits. However, this debate was settled and closed with the invention of the microscope which is the required material to understand and observe cells. Let us begin with the ABC’s of the Cell Theory which splits into 3 major parts: All living beings are made up of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms All cells come from preexisting cells. To have a deeper…