Nucleus accumbens

Pathophysiology: Cells in the body go through a natural state of mitosis where they replicate copies of themselves. Once a cell realizes there isn’t any more room for growing or sees a defect in itself, the cell goes through apoptosis (cell death). However, there are instances where a cell doesn’t recognize it has a defect or mutation and it starts to affect the shape of the cell. Once this mutated cell starts mitosis, it will regenerate a lot of undifferentiated cells, which turn into a…

Mitochondrion are made of two membranes. The outer membrane covers the organelle and acts as a layer of skin, whereas the inner membrane constantly folds over and creates layered structures called Cristae (The constant folding increases the surface area of the organelle). And the fluid inside the organelle is called the matrix. The matrix carry the specific DNA and ribosomes for the mitochondria, because the organelle carries its own DNA. Site of aerobic respiration and provides energy (ATP) to…

Chromatin is a compacted form of chromosomal DNA, the basic unit of which is the nucleosome, consisting of 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a core histone octamer. To regulate the structure of chromatin, histones undergo a large number of post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, ADP ribosylation, beta-N-acetylglucosamine and deamination. These modifications can also recruit other remodeling proteins and complexes to reposition…

We are began as a single cell, but by the time that we are an adult, we have trillion of cells in our body. This happen because our cells are constantly dividing and when they divide they make new cells. A group of cells form a tissue, a tissue form the organ, an organ compound the system of organ and then the individual. We all have this question, why our cells are dividing constantly? Cells divide to replace old or damaged cells, and also living organism can grow and reproduce. There are two…

1. Why do you think the roots of plants are good for studying Mitosis? In my biased opinion, I believe that the roots are suitable for studying mitosis because plants always undergo mitosis. 2. Why does the root tip of the onion need to be stained? The root tips of the onion need to be stain because they provide more visibility when looking under a microscope. 3. How many phases are in the Cell Cycle? There are five stages of the cell cycle which would be Interface, Prophase, Metaphase,…

wrapped around histones is a DNA-protein complex called chromatin that exists within the nucleus. How would spatial and temporal arrangement of these chromatin affect the gene expression in the eukaryotic genome? With the development of Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) and the techniques that followed, it is now significantly easier to study the relationship between organization and gene expression within the nucleus. It has been used to identify long-range chromatin interactions. The Hi-C…

In order to better understand the cell cycle and the different phases of mitosis, students were expected to observe cell division in an onion root. I hypothesized that we would observe more cells in interphase since most of a cell’s life is spent in interphase. In order to make observations, we used a light microscope to view two slides of an onion root—one had been previously prepared while the other slide was made by each individual student. Furthermore, we then counted how many cells were in…

the posterior thalamus. They receive input via the optic tract, which is the link between the thalamus and the LGN. [12] The input comes from both eyes and projects information to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. [2] The medial geniculate nucleus is also found in the thalamus. It is responsible for auditory pathways. It receives auditory signals from both ears and projects them to the primary auditory cortex. Having a tumorous mass around this structure could allow this relay of…

The Significant Impact of Blindsight Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi once said, “Control of consciousness determines the quality of life.” The idea that we are in control of our own consciousness, whether we are consciously aware of it or not, is a fascinating one; and it is even more fascinating when you take into consideration phenomenon like blindsight. Blindsight, according to Dictionary.com, is “the ability to respond to visual stimuli without having any conscious visual experience; it can occur…

The ability to express and perceive emotion serves an important role for human functioning in everyday environments. It can, for example, allow us to detect danger or respond to a person in need. A full understanding of how emotion influences behaviour has yet to be realized. Recent literature has demonstrated that exposure to emotionally arousing stimuli can alter the perceptual mechanisms of participants. The present experiments attempted to expand this research to examine cross-modal vision…