Nucleoside

In this world, there are many different kinds of diseases and viruses that can disperse easily and causes human all kinds unbearable sufferings such as the chickenpox, flu, and the cold. But the bright side to these diseases and viruses are that they are curable. But compared to a virus that is not curable is a different account. The virus named HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a disease that has no remedy. According to an article named, “Where did HIV come from?” by the AIDS INSTITUTE,…

1. One of the sets of people that have allelic variation are Long Term Survivors who are homozygous for a 32 base-pair deletion in their genome. The deletion is for CCR5, a chemokine receptor which functions as a HIV co-receptor. Due to the deletion of CCR5, the ability of the virus to fuse with the host cells is impaired and those people can be exposed however they will not become infected. Another subgroup of Long Term Survivors are referred to as elite controllers. These individuals are…

it . The patients are put in on a combination of drugs a form of therapy called first line therapy. If the virus becomes resistant over time or the side effects are to severe the patients are switch to combination of protein inhibitors called Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) and ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor as suggested by World health organization(WHO)8. This is referred to as second line treatment. As stated in the Evaluation of the WHO criteria for…

1. Antibiotic resistance is a big problem and one that is getting worse. Use the CDC site or other sources to answer these questions about antibiotic resistance. Please site your sources. Answer each part in 2-3 sentences. (2 points) CDC site: http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html a. Briefly describe practices that are contributing to antibiotic resistance. First, it must be understood that antibiotic resistance happens to some degree no matter what since bacteria are constantly…

called Non-nucleoside reverse tripticase inhibitors or (NNRTI). This specific drug works by disabling the protein HIV viruses need to make copies of itself. Without this protein the HIV virus replication process is slowed but not halted. Specific drugs that carry out this process include efavirenz (Sustiva) and etravirine (Intelence) among others (Mayo clinic 2015). Another category that works by posing as faulty building blocks that the virus needs to replicate. This drug is called Nucleoside…

TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION Advanced stage of immunosuppression caused by the HIV virus 4 Characterized by abnormally low CD4+ T cell count {1 month in duration), or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or esophagitis Invasive cervical carcinoma confirmed by biopsy Lymphoma {Burkitt, immunoblastic, or primary central nervous system) Disseminated or extra pulmonary coccidioidomycosis Disseminated or extra pulmonary histoplasmosis Progressive multifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML) HIV-related…

Alex Claiborne Period 5 For centuries people had known that the castor oil seeds were poisonous through ingesting them. However the seeds were not refined until the late 1800’s and it wasn’t thoroughly researched until the Great War. Since it’s refinement ricin has become an issue because of its global impact on the world through assassinations. For years many people have advocated for the use of ricin for warfare and assassinations. A small dose causes death in humans, it is odorless tasteless…

Epigenetics is a complex field of study that has rapidly expanded within the last three decades as DNA technology has advanced, allowing scientists to explain hereditary traits that could not be elucidated by Mendel’s laws. Through extensive study of non-Mendelian inheritance, epigenesists developed a number of mechanisms for the alteration of gene expression that occurred outside of the actual DNA sequence. In addition, changes in the epigenetic expression of DNA have lead scientists to believe…

Bismuth is the 83rd chemical in the periodic table. It is found as a natural metal on the surface of the earth. Bi has a ground state electronic configuration of [Xe]4f145d106s26p3 and trivalent and pentavalent Bi, Bi(III) and Bi(V), respectively, are the two predominant oxidation states. [27] It was discovered over a thousand years ago but was often confused with tin and lead. It is a prevalent post transition metal, which chemically resembles arsenic or antimony. Bismuth is the most naturally…

For the initial entry of the virus, the ephrinB2 domain is necessary. Once entered through micropinocytosis, protease cathespin L activates the virus (12). Nipah Virus can replicate very easily in human lung fibroblasts. It can infect the surrounding cells by either cell-to-cell spread or through release of infectious particles. When monocytes get infected, they can transmigrate through the blood brain barrier to infect the brain. This could be plausible if the monocytes were inefficient in…