Nucleophile

inhibition via scission of the P-C bond as shown in Figure 2.1.A 4. FAPs are known to irreversibly inhibit serine esterases such as acetylcholinesterase16 , neuropathy target esterase, carboxylesterases 17 , etc. Since Pks13-TE contains serine as the nucleophile in the catalytic site, FAPs can be tested against Pks13-TE. Aim 2: Characterize the inhibitory activity of thiophene compounds against Pks13-TE using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Zhang, W et al. has Recently shown that thiophene…

This lab was a two week long lab called the Grignard Reaction lab. The purpose of this lab was to perform the Grignard reaction and to obtain the final product triphenylmethanol from a halide, phenylmagnesium bromide and the starting material, methyl benzoate along with the Grignard reagent. Bromobenzene, magnesium turnings, and anhydrous ether were needed to form the Grignard reagent. To synthesize the reagent, react the reagent with methyl benzoate to form a tertiary alcohol. The objective of…

nucleophilic substitution by heating with excess alcoholic ammonia to yield a primary amine. Excess ammonia is necessary if a high yield of the primary amine is required. If excess ammonia is not used, poly-alkylation will occur as the amines are stronger nucleophiles than…

- The PIC then travels to the nucleus where it needs to wait for the breakdown of the nuclear envelope before crossing[12]. Integrase then cleaves the GT dinucleotide from the 3 ' end of the viral DNA to expose a hydroxyl group which acts as a nucleophile[13]. Integrase then deforms the phosphodiester bonds in order to make them susceptible to nucleophilic attack[14] allowing the 3 ' viral DNA end to join to the host DNA 5 '…

Experiment 1: Alkanes & alkenes: Combustion and action of sulphuric acid. Objective: To make careful observations and compare the difference(s) between alkanes and alkenes. Introduction: Hydrocarbons are composed exclusively of oxygen and hydrogen. There are three types of homogeneous hydrocarbons (whose members differ by one CH2 unit): alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. The difference between these three groups is in the bond types between the carbons. Alkanes form only single bonds, alkenes…

Starting out, there was a mixture of an unknown acid, base, and neutral component. Just like the process outlined in the introduction, a solvent would be added to the solution containing the acid, base, and neutral unknown mixture. This solvent must have specific characteristics regarding solubility such that it dissolves the substance desired to be extracted while not dissolving or dissolving in only small portions the other substance not wanted purified out. It should also be easy to separate…

1-pyrenehexanoic acid was used as the 5-carbon linker and fluorescent component of the target molecule "PYRET-5". This molecule was purchased pure along with the sugar Trehalose, the molecule to which the pyrene was to be attached. Other reactants and solvents include HATU, HBTU, N, N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), sodium azide, Dimethylformamide (DMF), and Diphenyl phosphoryl chloride and were bought pure or used as received. All reactions were run at room temperature (298.15 K) and standard…

Under oxidative conditions, certain nucleobases (for example, adenine and cytosine) can form N-oxides. Also, the C8 position of guanosine is vulnerable to hydrolytic attack under either strongly acidic or strongly alkaline conditions. The 5,6 double bond of pyrimidine nucleosides also reacts with halogens and halohydrins to give the corresponding addition products (Shabarova and Bogdanov, 1994). Selected examples of the side reactions that occur during oligonucleotide synthesis are given below.…

Lung cancer is one of most common cancer in the United States and worldwide. Furthermore, there are two types of lung cancer: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and Small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The most common type is NSCLC. There are three main subtypes of NSCLC: squamous cells, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. The number one cause of lung cancer is smoking cigarettes but there are also other factors that cause lung cancer such as exposure to radon gas, asbestos, genetics, and air…

An insight in the biophysical properties of bio macromolecules Natural biopolymers such as nucleic acids, proteins and carbohydrates are essential for life as we see it today. It is incredible to think how this vast set of molecules that are in every living thing, from bacteria to human beings, are mostly made up by six elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus). These biopolymers have the properties to, from small monomers, build giant tridimensional structures with a…