Norepinephrine

Adrenal medulla:- The adrenal medulla produces the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine under stimulation by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Both of these hormones help to increase the flow of blood to the brain and muscles to improve the “fight-or-flight” response to stress. These hormones also work to increase heart rate, breathing rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure while decreasing the flow of blood to and function of organs that are not involved in…

MDMA increases three chemicals in your brain: Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Serotonin. Dopamine causes increased energy. Norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure. Serotonin in large amounts can cause emotional closeness, elevated mood, and empathy. Other side effects of taking MDMA is nausea, muscle cramps, blurry vision, teeth clenching…

are two main drugs classes—monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters and the inhibitors increase serotonin and norepinephrine. Tricyclic antidepressants block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine which allows the levels of these neurotransmitters to increase in the brain. Another treatment exists, known as selective monoamine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This is considered an…

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Veterans Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the name for the psychiatric disorder that has been around since the beginning of the human species, but has not been widely researched until recently. PTSD occurs after someone has experienced a traumatic event such as life threat, serious injury, or death. This is not the case for every person that has experienced a traumatic event, though. According to the National Center for PTSD (2015), the APA introduced…

But that’s not it - besides the hippocampus, two other brain areas respond to high cortisol levels in maladaptive ways. The amygdala, which is a critical area for detecting and organizing reactions to threat, responds to the large amounts of norepinephrine and cortisol by working better. So when someone encounters something that may or may not be an actual threat, there is a high propensity to engage the stress…

believe it has nothing to do with addiction. Studies show that in the case of gambling, neurological composition actually can cause an addiction. The brain produces a chemical called norepinephrine that is secreted when humans experience high stress or excitement. People who are born with low levels of norepinephrine in the brain are more likely to have an addiction to gambling. This is because of the persons need to overcompensate for the chemical imbalance. The act of gambling releases this…

6) The monoamine theory of depression foresees the underlying pathophysiologic source for depression is the diminution of levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine within the central nervous system (National Center for Biotechnology Information). Indication for this hypothesis is sustained with clinical trials and animal testing. Barchas, J., and Altemus, M. (1999) Monoamine Hypotheses of Mood Disorders Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK28257/ 7) NOT DONE 8) The…

client about the importance of Exercising and depression. Exercise can have a major impact on depression and how it can affect your overall mood. When we exercise we release neurotransmitters in the form of serotonin, dopamine, endorphins, and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters helps us feel good and that can help decrease the client’s symptoms of depression. I look at it like the expression if you look good you feel good, so in this case the more you exercise, the better you feel. When a…

In this study Browin Bandelow, Reinhard J. Boerner, Siegfried Kasper, Michael Linden, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Hans-Jürgen Möller examine different forms of treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). They begin by mentioning the most common and recognizable symptoms of GAD. They then breakdown the possible causes of the disorder in children. The main focus of the paper is to inform you on the positives and negatives of different treatments. The first treatment talked about is cognitive…

It is common knowledge that people often don’t function correctly when they have a psychological issue. “Anxiety and the Brain; An Introduction” addresses how neurotransmitters and hormones may influence the cause of anxiety. This article also supports the idea that brain imbalances cause anxiety. It further describes the connection that is shared between hormones and anxiety. “Many different hormones have an effect on brain chemistry and neurotransmitter production and balance, so if these…