Noncoding DNA

Modern society has been blessed with brilliant minds that have helped humans increase their life expectancy to the point where we are living well even at what is considered overpopulation. We were able to cure polio, the black plague, and other diseases that would’ve been considered a virtual death sentence a few centuries ago. Because of this, our bodies have almost no need to fight off diseases naturally. Now it isn’t being worried about at the moment because we still have tons of modern…

Edward Tatum establish that one gene creates one enzyme or protein, and shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in Medicine. Then in 1952 Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey used a common kitchen appliance to separate the protein coats of viruses from their DNA to show that DNA is the material that transfers inherited characteristics from one generation to the following. In 1990 they used a four year old girl Ashanti DiSilva with an ADA deficiency for gene therapy. This was conducted with William French…

Motor neurone disease or more commonly known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a genetic disorder that targets the motor neurones of the human nervous system. More specifically the disease targets the movement aspects of the human body by slowly degenerating the motor neurones located in the spinal cord. If the disorder is not treated efficiently the situation will worsen to a point where the respiration system will become affected making breathing an increasingly difficult task. Other aspects…

I have found through my AS Psychology lessons and from personal experience with family members, that mental illness is a topic that interests me immensely. In my lessons I learned how mental illness is treated and theories about how it is caused, such as the biological approach which suggests that mental illness is caused by changes to the brain or neurotransmitters. For example, there is evidence to suggest that depression is caused by the lack of serotonin in the body. My interest in mental…

but they still do share some characteristics. No matter at which cell you are looking at: bacteria’s`, plants`, animals`, protists`, etc., they all will be bounded by a plasma membrane (Biology Department,2015), and contain a nucleic acid: such as DNA, RNA, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. The things that prokaryotes will not have are organelles. Organelles can be known as the parts of the cell, such as: Nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus, etc. There are there domains that exist: Bacteria, Archaea and…

The mitochondria is one of the most interesting components of the eukaryotic cell. Endosymbiosis is the term modern scientists use for how the mitochondria came to be. Symbiosis translates from Greek to English as “living” “together.” Constrantin Mereschkowsky, known as the founding father of the theory of endosymbiosis, was one of people who started the concept of endosymbiosis, although he had called it “symbiogenesis,” defining it as: “the origin of organisms through the combination and…

Q1) Each subunit in the protein consists of two domains – a large domain for the binding of ATP and a smaller domain for the binding of fructose-6-phosphate. Q2) The αβα sandwich are tightly packed together and are separated by a large interface from another subunit. Each domain contains several beta sheets in between anywhere between two to four alpha helices. Q3) Most of the β sheets are parallel, although there are a few antiparallel beta stands in the large domains. The α helices are…

that traditional microbiological methods fail to reveal nanobacteria, and that specific methods had to be invented for their detection and culture. In short, Kajander and Ciftcioglu were faced with the extremely difficult task of developing a new DNA staining and immunoassay methods. Using their patented methods, they discovered a new living organism, or at least “the smallest cultivable autonomously replicating agent on earth”. Their methods were newly crafted at the time and were very…

the malfunctioning gene and contributes to normal functioning of the body. The process begins when the modified DNA is inserted into a virus vector. Then, the vector binds to the cell membrane. After the vector binds to the cell membrane, a vesicle forms around the vector as it enters the cell. Thereafter, the vesicle breaks down, releasing the vector. Then, the vector inserts the DNA it contains into the cell’s nucleus. The cell makes a functional…

into a world where everyone can be identified through certain tests of any part of the body. Vincent is considered “invalid” to the GATTACA space program and decides to pay someone on the inside for his DNA, so he may pass inspection. The person on the inside is Jerome. Jerome gives Vincent his DNA so he may achieve his dream to go into the GATTACA space program. Inside the space program Vincent falls in love with an officer named Irene. Irene, Vincent, and Jerome are then swept into an…