Nitrogen oxide

Some issues regarding emissions include the Volkswagen Scandal which involved the German company activating emission controls to meet laboratory test standards with nitrogen oxides, but in real driving emit up to 40x more; test manipulation is a growing problem in the world today (EPUK 1). As a result of test manipulation, millions of vehicles on the roads in the US and all over the world are operating without properly certified on-road emission controls. VW was given the challenge to devise a solution that achieves the NOx standard correctly and minimizes CO2 emissions and clearly show that it works in order to restore trust in the vehicle industry and in government oversight (VW Scandal 1). The Federal and State governments have implemented tests for emissions, if a car is not properly tuned, it can cause more pollutions due to incomplete combustion (“How much comes from cars?” 1). Throughout the 1950s…

The software activated full emissions controls during testing but reduces the effectiveness during regular driving. As a result, the cars emit nitrogen oxides at up to 40 times more than the allowable standard. The software enables cars to get better fuel economy at the cost of higher nitrogen oxide emissions (Boston et al., 2015). Volkswagen tried to sell their cars saying their cars had better performance and lower emissions but they did not mention the nitrogen emissions. Emission of up to 40…

Focus: Stoichiometric Calculations, Writing the Background Experiment 2 Determining Empirical Formulas Lab Partners: Sebastian Zarazua Exploration: Research Question: What is the empirical formula for the compound made when Mg(s) is heated in air? Background: (Maximum length 1 page including chemicals equations) The hypothesis of this experiment is that empirical formula is going to be close to a ratio as 1:1, because that is the theoretical empirical formula for the compound magnesium…

Acid rain is any form of precipitation that has unusually high acidity (a pH level below 5.6) and caused by the transformation of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide into secondary pollutants. pH is is a scale used that measures the acidity of liquids and ranged from 0 to 14. The lower the number, the higher acidity, or the higher concentration of hydrogen ions. 0-5 is considered acidic and as you move up to 7, this indicates the substance is neutral. The higher numbers on the scale indicate…

1.1 Introduction/ what is Acid Rain? Acid rain, or acid precipitation is a term used to describe any form of precipitation with a pH of less than 5.6. In recent years, the effects of acid rain are being experienced on a global scale with widespread environmental effects. Primarily, acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the combustion of fossil fuels. However, even pure rainwater is slightly acidic (pH of 5.6-6.5) due to the reaction between H2O…

In this lab, students learned that in a combination reaction, two or more substances react to form one substance. This can be seen in reaction #2. In reaction #2, magnesium reacts with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide. Although the students can only see magnesium and magnesium oxide, the students were informed on the lab sheet that oxygen was also one of the reactants. This reaction allowed students to see how two substances, magnesium and oxygen, react to produce one product, magnesium oxide.…

Since the water splitting reaction using semiconductor electrode reported by Fujishima et al. in 1972 [1], there is increasing interest in the development of metal oxide photocatalysts for environmentally friendly applications such as air purification [2], hydrogen production via water splitting [3] and the removal of organic molecules from water [4]. Recently, photocatalyst thin film has aroused growing interests instead of a powder type of photocatalyst. Photocatalyst film can be deposited…

carbonic acid (Dubey, 2013). Below is a general formula representing the reaction of CO2 and H20 to form carbonic acid: H2O(l) + CO2(g) H2CO3(aq) The term “acid rain” refers to the additional acidity in rain as a result of the emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere which TS Motsilanyane HES4801 4 | P a g e interact with other reactants also in the atmosphere to form the acid rain (NOX) (Kulp, 1990; Singh & Agrawal, 2008). The more accurate term used by…

dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) gases. The combustion of high sulphur content fossil fuels can release harmful toxic gases into the air and therefore pose serious environmental problems. Coal, oil and natural gas are major energy resources available in environment where as fuel combustion processes and power plants are the largest contributor of these gases in the form of flue gas. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulphur compounds, their combustion generates SO2 unless the sulphur…

billion people, breathe the air which exceeds the allowed safe levels set by the World Health Organization. In fact, in China, where air pollution is at its worst, it is estimated that 4,000 people die every day while around 1.6 million annual deaths globally are caused by breathing the heavily polluted and toxic air. The fact that the pollution is always increasing, it wouldn’t be long before every person in the world would be breathing the air their bodies were never designed to breathe.…