Nitrogen fixation

The Rangifer Tarandus, better known as caribou or reindeer, is an herbivorous species living in the tundra. Tundras have a vastly cold climate, with limited vegetation. Caribou are similar to deer; however they are much bigger with a shoulder standing height of 2.8-4.9 feet, and females weigh 175 to 225 pounds, while males weigh about 350 to 400 pounds (Caribou). Reindeer were first found in Norway and were only known as Reindeer, once people started realizing how beneficial the Reindeer were…

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are microorganisms present in the soil or in plant roots that change nitrogen gases from the atmosphere into solid nitrogen compounds that plants can use in the soil. Let's break this concept down. Nitrogen is commonly found as an inert, or nonreactive, gas in the Earth's atmosphere. In fact, 78% of the Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen in its gaseous design. This element is so sufficient that it has been incorporated into all living things on Earth. In order for this to…

Nitrogen nutrients are also water-soluble which makes them a limiting factor as it dissolves quickly and therefore is not easily accessible to organisms. According to NewsRx editors,”The North Atlantic Ocean is considered a nitrogen (N) limited system once vernal stabilisation of the water column alleviates light limitation and allows phytoplankton growth to deplete…

The earth is reliant on various reproductive biochemical cycles, to maintain balanced and regulated conditions on earth and within the atmosphere (Name, date). These cycles include the carbon, nitrogen and hydrological cycles. These cycles among others, bring with them various geological, chemical, physical and biological processes (name, date). All these cycles are interconnected; matter within them is continually cycled between biotic and abiotic parts of the environment (name, date). Without…

INTRODUCTION Worldwide, air pollution is a growing threat to human health and the natural environment. One of the major effects of air pollution is acid rain and it is caused by sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) gases. The combustion of high sulphur content fossil fuels can release harmful toxic gases into the air and therefore pose serious environmental problems. Coal, oil and natural gas are major energy resources available in environment where as fuel combustion processes and…

produces heavy tonnage of biomass. Sugarcane biomass removes the largest amount micro and macro nutrients from the cultivated soil. For optimum production, a high-yielding variety desires more nutrients, particularly nitrogen besides other inputs. Sugarcane crop has a high requirement of nitrogen that usually exceed the natural transport capacity of soil through mineralization of organic matters (Garside et al. 2005). In China, farmers habitually apply 400–800 kg N, 150–300 kg P2O5 and 250–500…

Earth, a planet that once was devoid of human, an organism that destroys anything and everything in its path, is currently infected with it. After a prosperous five billion years, Earth is sinking and anything on it will go down too. Everyday, Earth is suffering from an endless beating of human destruction: forests are mowed for land, coals are burned for energy, and oceans are polluted for space. The consequence doesn 't only hurt the Earth itself but everything on it. Such large-scale…

possibility is that in monoculture for higher urease activity, N-fertilizer rate was same in monoculture and intercrops, and intercrops utilized soil urea faster than monoculture. Nitrite reductase, protease and nitrogenase play significant roles in nitrogen cycle and higher activities of these enzymes showed that vital microbial community enhanced in intercropping system. The nitrogenase enzyme catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia. This process is energy expensive and…

The emergence of cytochrome oxidase is considered to be a very important event in evolutionary history. However, not much is known on the development and emergence of this enzyme. Molecular data demonstrates how cytochrome oxidase emerged before the divergence of archaea and bacteria, and well before the great oxidation event. This paper proposes a research plan to investigate the origins of cytochrome oxidase. Background Throughout the three domains of life, a variety of metabolisms are present…

It is well known that phosphorus is a major growth limiting plant nutrient for completion of plant life cycle. The exogenous application of P as chemical fertilizer has been found indispensable for the maximized crop yields but continuously increasing cost and non-availability of phosphatic fertilizer is a great barrier to farmers. It is comprehensively reported that most of the soils are sufficient in total P content but the major constraint is the availability of P to plants because it forms…