Nitric oxide

Nitric oxide can be administered by a few different ways. When a patient is on a ventilator, nitric oxide is nebulized on the inspiratory cycle. Nitric oxide can also be given by a facemask or even a nasal cannula. The normal ranges for nitric oxide is 1 – 80 parts per million. High levels of nitric oxide can be very harmful and may even cause death, pulmonary edema or methemoglobinemia. A high concentration would be considered to be between 5,000 and 20,000 ppm. The length of time that the nitric oxide was given varies (cite). The treatment length is individualized based on patient condition. In pediatric patients it showed that anything greater than 20 parts per million had no additional benefits and possibly could have increased…

A. Nitric oxide is an odorless gas that plays an important role in the regulation of pulmonary vasomotor tone. As inhalation occur, NO is diffused from the endothelium into the smooth muscles of the pulmonary vessel and stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase which converts GTP to cGMP. An increase in cGMP relaxes the smooth muscles and produces vasolidatory effects which increase the blood flow to well-ventilated areas with elevated vasomotor tone. Beneficial effects of inhaled NO include decrease…

relaxation occurs by pumping Ca²⁺ out of the cytoplasm and back into the SR or out of the cell. As the amount of Ca²⁺ decreases, then Ca²⁺ will unbind from calmodulin which would deactivate the MLCK. Relaxation can also occur by inhibiting myosin light chain from undergoing a conformational change and allowing myosin and actin to bind to each other. This inhibition can be attributed to myosin light chain phosphatase which is activated by protein kinase G (PKG) (Forstermann et. al 2006). PKG is…

precipitation that has unusually high acidity (a pH level below 5.6) and caused by the transformation of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide into secondary pollutants. pH is is a scale used that measures the acidity of liquids and ranged from 0 to 14. The lower the number, the higher acidity, or the higher concentration of hydrogen ions. 0-5 is considered acidic and as you move up to 7, this indicates the substance is neutral. The higher numbers on the scale indicate high alkalinity (basic),…

(SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) gases. The combustion of high sulphur content fossil fuels can release harmful toxic gases into the air and therefore pose serious environmental problems. Coal, oil and natural gas are major energy resources available in environment where as fuel combustion processes and power plants are the largest contributor of these gases in the form of flue gas. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulphur compounds, their combustion generates SO2 unless the sulphur…

1.1 Introduction/ what is Acid Rain? Acid rain, or acid precipitation is a term used to describe any form of precipitation with a pH of less than 5.6. In recent years, the effects of acid rain are being experienced on a global scale with widespread environmental effects. Primarily, acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the combustion of fossil fuels. However, even pure rainwater is slightly acidic (pH of 5.6-6.5) due to the reaction between H2O…

are combustion of fossil fuels at power stations, industries and automobiles. Most of the emissions are released from the man-made sources as compared to the natural sources. “Burning of fossil fuels in industries and transport sector, industrialization and urbanization have led to increase in concentrations of gaseous and particulate pollutants in the atmosphere leading to air pollution” (Singh & Agrawal, 2008, 15). When these pollutants are released from their sources, they become caught up in…

development of metal oxide photocatalysts for environmentally friendly applications such as air purification [2], hydrogen production via water splitting [3] and the removal of organic molecules from water [4]. Recently, photocatalyst thin film has aroused growing interests instead of a powder type of photocatalyst. Photocatalyst film can be deposited on various substrate such as alumina [5], metal foil [6], silicon wafer [7,8], and glass [9,10]. Among these substrates, the glass can be…

This is what people refer to when they talk about smog. According to the Webster dictionary, smog is “a photochemical haze caused by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmosphere polluted with hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen especially from automobile exhaust” (Dictionary, 2016). Because of our atmospheric pollution, when smog is present and it begins to rain, the rain traps the chemicals and brings them down to the earth’s water…

Carbon Dioxide, is a natural occurring chemical compound that consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. On Earth carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere from respiration, combustion of coal or hydrocarbons, and respiration. However most of the carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere is removed by organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the processes in which organisms, such as, plants, algae and cyanobacteria (bacteria that obtain their energy from…