Nitration

Everyone knows nutrition is an essential to living a long healthy life. Countless numbers of foods, diets, and supplements exist that people consume to receive all the vitamins needed for the day. Meanwhile, others consume with no concentration of how foods affect their body and lifestyle. Few people get the average amount of nutrition they need for a wholesome mind on a daily basis. With a product called Soylent power, we can solve this problem. No, it’s not a supplement at all. One mixes the…

Paracetamol is one of the world’s most beneficial and resourceful analgesic and is widely used in present day. An analgesic, can be defined, as a chemical compound that relieves pain, reduces fever and inflammation. It works by hindering the enzyme cyclooxygenase which acts a catalyst to convert fatty acids to prostaglandins. Prostaglandins cause pain and inflammation to peripheral and central points in the nervous system2. Paracetamol, or Acetaminophen is created by the synthesis and…

Benzene, rings are very prevalent in many products that are used on a daily biases by humans, and compounds that contain benzene are often referred to as being aromatic. Benzene has characteristics that differ from many compounds causing it to react differently when mixed with certain compounds. Although benzene has three double bonds, it does not react like a normal alkene in terms of addition reactions. For example, when bromine reacts with a simple carbon-carbon double bond it forms dibromo.…

A novel synthesis method to prepare Si3N4 nanowires from the amorphous silicon nitride (a-Si3N4) powder synthesized by low-temperature vapor-phase reaction method was investigated. Highly crystallized α-Si3N4 nanowires were synthesized from the heat-treatment of a-Si3N4 powder under ammonia atmosphere. The surface of the nanowires was smooth and clean without any attached particles. The thickness of the nanowires was in the range ~200–300 nm with the lengths of tens of micrometers. The…

There is no doubt that benzene is aromatic. Now we must ask: how can we insert a heteroatom into the ring and retain aromaticity? What kind of atom is needed? If we want to replace one of the carbon atoms of benzene with a heteroatom, we need an atom that can be trigonal to keep the flat hexagonal ring and that has a p orbital to keep the six delocalized electrons. Nitrogen is ideal so we can imagine replacing a CH group in benzene with a nitrogen atom. The orbitals in the ring have not changed…

as gatekeeper in during and post marriage (Kelly, 2000). Therefore mother attitude effects fathers parenting style than fathers own attitude. In high conflict marriages an indirect effect vial less father involvement but also due to more negative nitration and feelings toward the father. Repeated exposure to violence in parents’ marriage is predictive of PTSD in children particularly combines with poor socio-economic status (Kelly, 2000). There is also a compounding effect of marital violence…

After the mass of the crude product was measured, the recrystallization was done for more purification; the solution looked clear prior to it’s cooling to room temperature. After the solution cooled to the room temperature and vacuum filtration was done again on recrystallization product, the solution was a white shiny with crystalline solid appearance. The melting point of the Meta-Methyl nitrobenzoate product formed was at 76.2 ‐ 78°C. The appearances of the TLC for the crude product, starting…

para product, was 1.57 grams, while the mass of 2-NBB, the ortho product, was 0.80 grams. The para product was expected to have the higher yield, since it is more stable and consequently harder to break down throughout the experiment. Keywords Nitration, Bromobenzene, Substitution, 4-nitrobromobenzene, 2-nitrobromobenzene, Column Chromatography, Infrared spectrum, Thin-Layer Chromatography. Introduction This experiment…

this kind of modification must have sites that are able to undergo electrophilic or nucleophilic attack. Such polymer structures include benzene rings, hydroxyl groups, double bonds or halogens.127 The polymer surfaces can be functionalised via nitration,135 amination,135 bromination,136 sulfonation,122,137,138 benzoylation,139 and carboxylation.138 The modification of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) as an example is discussed. The substitution of PPO by either nitro or amino group resulted in…

and neurodegenerative diseases are caused from the disturbances in mitochondrial functions. The production of peroxynitrite occurs either within mitochondria or may achieved from extra mitochondrial compartments. Peroxynitrite inhibits Mn-SOD by nitration (MacMillan-Crow LA and Thompson, 1999) and thus checking the breaking of nearby formed superoxide that further promotes its formation. Peroxynitrite causes toxicity in mitochondria through two mechanisms- either by oxidative reactions directly…