Nitration

another factor that speeds up the reaction time. Both Isopropylbenzene and toluene show a lot of similarities can react with the nitric acid faster than the acetophenone. One area of concern that needs to be pointed out is on the toluene GC spectra. Peak 4 indicates o-nitrotoluene which seems to have a bigger area than peak 5, which is p-nitrotoluene. This indicates that there was more o-nitrotoluene than p-nitrotoluene. According to Dr. Eckert’s organic chemistry textbook, toluene should slightly favor para nitration. 1 It should be close to a one to one ration with the para nitration having a slightly bigger area. Steric hindrance should have blocked the electrophiles from going to the ortho site. This could be due to the size of the methyl and that steric hindrance does not really apply for small atoms branching off the ring. The existence of two ortho positions and only one para position could have also altered the number of toluene that undergone ortho nitration.…

This experiment was performed in order to demonstrate the principles of nitration through electrophilic aromatic substitution. It also examined the effects of bromine on an aromatic ring, ortho-para vs. meso directing. The second experiment was performed to compare the reaction rates of electrophilic aromatic bromination with different arenes. Data and Results In the gas chromatogram, there are two large peaks. The first peak at 0.653 minutes with an area of 133,352 uV per second, 31.95% of…

Interaction of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid generated nitronium ion which is electrophile. And methyl benzoate nitration is one of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Nitronium ion will reacts with protonated intermediate at the meta position. After NO2 substituted, it becomes arenium ion intermediate. Then, the remained product HSO4- will attack hydrogen then transfer the proton to methyl 3-benzoate. In the experiment, students placed around 12 drops of concentrated H2SO4 in…

Nitration occurs when benzene is treated with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The reaction proceeds from an electrophilic aromatic substitution, where a nitronium ion acts as then electrophile. Nitration of aromatics is one of the oldest and industrially most important reactions. A reaction between an organic compound and a nitrating agent leads to the introduction of a nitro group onto a carbon, nitrogen or oxygen atom of that organic compound. Examples of nitration used in numerous…

The goal of this lab was to prepare methyl m-nitrobenzoate using electrophilic aromatic substitution. An example of electrophilic aromatic substitution is nitration where a hydrogen atom which is part of a aromatic ring is substituted by an electrophile. For benzene, aromaticity is a stabilizing feature. As such, instead of undergoing electrophilic additions, it undergoes electrophilic substitutions. The nitronium ion is the electrophile which gets attached to the electron rich aromatic…

In this reaction, the nitro group is added to the ring through a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acid. The mixture of the two acids forms an nitronium ion, which is the group that is added to the arene. The nitration reaction is relatively similar to the general reaction mechanism for this type of substitution, except that the nitration of bromobenzene results in three distinct bromo-nitrobenzene products: ortho, para, and meta. The ortho and para forms of the product are more stable than the…

for each spectrum. The Raman shifts were calibrated with toluene and analyzed using Origin software. At pH 7.5, the HRP/nitrite spectrum revealed there was no significant effect of nitrite on position and intensity of the bands. However, inspection of the trace differences in revealed existence of a nitrogen isotope sensitive band from a peak/trough at 1334/1309 cm-1 demonstrating that there is nitration of the vinyl group to some extent at pH 7.5 without nitrite coordination to the heme. This…

Specifically, nitration plays an important role in regulation of key enzyme activities and signal transduction networks. Tyrosine is one of the 21 amino acids and is important in the synthesis of certain hormones. Nitration of tyrosine can affect protein function, which can in turn link nitroxidative stress to alterations of molecules present in disease (Peluffo et al. 2007). Potential activation of proteins, specifically tyrosine, can have a significant impact on the pathology of cardiovascular…

for Heck Reactions: The absence of volatility is one of the most important benefits of ionic liquids, offering a much lower toxicity as compared to low-boiling-point solvents. Ionic liquids can also make for safer microwave synthesis methods, because sudden pressure surges are not possible. The dipole characteristics of ionic liquids translate into rapid excitation by microwaves, and consequently faster reactions. Triflyl nitrate (TfONO2) and trifluoroacetyl nitrate (CF3CO2NO2), generated via…

Leaving from Marseilles on the, “Wooster Victory” November 4th, 1945 Winters was on his way back home, even though he was not officially discharged until January 22nd, 1946. Once home he was recommended for the Medal of Honor, but instead received the Distinguished Service Cross. Winters worked for his buddy Lewis Nixon at, “Nixon Nitration Works” in Edison, New Jersey, becoming General Manager sometime in, 1950. On may 16th, 1948 Winters married Ethel Estoppey. Also he continued his…