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Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share pairs of electrons. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which are gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outer most valence electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability (Chem wiki) Nonmetals will readily form covalent bonds with other nonmetals in order to obtain stability, and can form anywhere between one to three covalent bonds with other nonmetals depending on…

Chemistry As Carl Sagan once said, “Chlorine is a deadly poison gas employed on European battlefields in World War I. Sodium is a corrosive metal which burns upon contact with water. Together, they make a placid and non-poisonous substance, table salt. Why each of these substances has the properties it does is a subject called chemistry.” Chemistry involves many things, from atoms to elements and their functions. It is a wide field of science with an extensive early and modern history. It also…

One of the main experiments Rutherford is known for is his Gold foil experiment. He devised a way to prove that radioactivity in particles exists in at least two forms. In the experiment tiny alpha particles were shot at a sheet of foil coated in ZnS which resulted in a small percentage went through the sheet and the rest were blocked/deflected. The percentage of particles that were able to go through the foil are now named 'Alpha Particles' and the ones that were blocked are called 'Beta…

things that make each element have a distinguished quality, is that they have different types of atoms. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter, and cannot be broken down to a further point. Each atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the center of the atom, while the electrons stay far apart from each other, and revolve around the center. This is called the Bohr model, made by Neil Bohr in 1913. Neil Bohr was born on October 7th 1885. His father…

element which has highly reactivity chemically. It’s properties are mostly intermediate between aand similar to those of its group neighbors calcium and barium. When it is exposed to air, the metal forms a dark oxide layer. Strontium has 38 protons, 50 neutrons, and 38 electrons. The electron configuration of Strontium is 1s^(2) 2s^(2) 2p^(6) 3s^(2) 3p^(6) 3d^(10) 4s^(2) 4p^(6) 5s^(2) or [Kr] 5s^(2). Strontium has an mass number of 87. Strontium can be a naturally element that can be found in…

A gray cloud rolls off the edge of the stage, fizzling out as it spills into the crowded hall. The audience gasps in surprise and on-stage, Nobel Laureate Bill Phillips smiles as he continues to pour liquid nitrogen across the floor. Phillips, recipient of the Nobel prize in Physics in 1997 for his work cooling atoms with laser light and a member of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, stands in Bethel’s Benson Great Hall before a captivated audience. Phillips has worked as an…

From the times of the ancient Greeks to modern day, scientist have argued the concepts behind matter. During the time of Aristotle, philosophers created scientific theories based on logic alone, eliminating all scientific evidence. This is when Democritus proposed his theory. Later, Dalton proposed his theory after completing experiments about matter. Democritus's theory was the theory of atomos. He claimed that atomos were particles so small that they could no longer be divided. Democritus…

Alchemists used to obsess over chrysopoeia, the transmutation of regular metals, such as copper, into gold. However, they were not aware at the time that copper and gold were two different atomic elements and instead believed them to be compounds. Thinking these metals could be changed chemically or physically in labs, alchemists pursued this dream to no advantage. Although it is not possible to change ordinary metals to gold through chemical reactions, physical reactions, radioactive decay, or…

Within the first few decades of the 20th century, the science of physics was completely reformed with new understandings of the nature of atoms. In 1898 France, Paris, Pierre and his wife Marie Curie discovered a new substance within an ore of Uranium that they named radium that emitted large amounts of (as we now call) radioactivity. Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy Identified that atoms can break down and turn into different elements. For example if a block of uranium were left alone for…

Theq element on the Periodic table that is best representation of my personality would be element 13, Aluminum. Properties of Aluminum its included high melting point, conductivity, malleability, and non-toxicity. Aluminum’s high melting point represents my determined personality. This is because I can face adversity well. Even when situations occur that are extremely unfavorable I am able to keep a cool head and think straight. I can persevere and stay strong allowing myself to solve and get…