Neutron activation analysis

Nuclear chemistry is a topic dealing with nuclear power, weapons, and radioactivity. Many controversies arise through these topics, in which how they are used throughout the nation. There are many methods that are used across the nation to conserve energy, but one method that has been used effectively are nuclear power plants. Nuclear power plants are used to produce electricity, but many negative impacts follow this main goal. “A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station where the heat…

Uranium Do you know how nuclear power is made? It all starts with an element on the periodic table called uranium that stands at number ninety-two. It gives off power in a single way, using uranium 235 and 238. Fission is this process of removing protons and electrons from unstable nuclei, converting them to lead. This process gives of anywhere from 1 to 5 MeV (million electron volts). You can even produce more energy by splitting the unstable nuclei even further. This type of power can, with…

catalyst, which means they speed up reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy (cite). Each step of a pathway typically requires a specific enzyme, without the specific enzyme, the pathway can not be completed. In addition, enzymes do not undergo permanent reactions and remain unchanged by the end of the reaction. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers and converting substrate molecules to products. Enzymes promote…

Introduction In mostly all living things, many biological processes are too inefficient to occur on their own. With the help of enzymes, or protein catalysts, the efficiency of these chemical reactions becomes much greater having less of an effect on the cells they occur in. Enzymes help to increase the overall rate of these reactions by lowering the energy needed to activate this process during the transitional phase. They can do this without being consumed or permanently altered by the…

Table 2: Preparation Details of Pb Atomic Absorption (AA) standards For our Atomic Absorption (AA) calibration, we received this data: Table 3: Absorbance for [Pb] in Standards And, if we plot the absorbance against the Pb concentration, we get: PbS Analysis…

catalyze the chemical reactions that would otherwise not be able to progress under typical physiological conditions, such as because they might require elevated temperatures or dissimilar pHs to proceed without a catalyst. Enzymes work by reducing the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to proceed. The structure of enzymes is essential for their function. They are globular proteins, characteristic for being coiled into precise three-dimensional shape. Enzymes have hydrophilic R…

Background: A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing permanent chemical change. The most common catalysts in biological systems are special proteins called enzymes. Enzymes are long chains of amino acids that have taken a very specific three-dimensional shape called a globular shape. This specific shape contains an area that is designed to match a specific molecule. The substance that an enzyme operates on is known as its substrate.…

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Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. It speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy required. An enzyme is a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. Enzymes carry out the thousands of chemical reactions that occur on cells, or the basic units of structure and function of an organism. Usually, they are polymers of thousands…

Experiment 4: Kinetics of Nucleophilic Substitutions 1. Determine the effect of varying [OH-] on the rate of the reaction. To do this, you should complete the following table: Experiment [tBuCl]0 (M) [OH-]0 (M) Time (s) Reaction rate (M/s) Rate constant (s-1) 1 0.03 0.003 65 4.89 · 10-5 1.62 · 10-3 2 0.03 0.006 213 3.15 · 10-5 1.05 · 10-3 3 0.03 0.009 362 2.96 · 10-5 9.85 · 10-4 What is the dependence of [OH-] on the rate law? The effect of the increased or…