Neurotransmitter

tapping into its communication system and interfering with the way neurons normally send, receive, and process information. Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons because their chemical structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter. Drugs that enter the blood stream have faster and definitely more intense effects. The more directly the drug enters the bloodstream determines how fast and intense the drug will take effect. When the drug is administered directly into…

disorders severity. Alcohol or drug abuse can make bipolar disorders more difficult to treat. Experts believe bipolar disorder is partly caused by an underlying problem with specific brain circuits and the functioning of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. Three brain chemicals noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine are involved in both brain and bodily functions. Noradrenaline and serotonin have been consistently liked to psychiatric mood disorders such as depression and bipolar…

Meth). 4a. Neurons communicate using neurotransmitters. First, a neuron has to receive the message through the dendrites, which receive messages. Then, the message passes through the cell body, which is the life support of the cell. Next, the axon receives the message and the neural impulse travels down the axons. The axons are covered by the myelin sheath, which help speed up the neural impulse. Finally, they reach the axon terminal. 4b. Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that…

sociocultural factors, but today we will look into the biological causes of depression. Starting with the way neurotransmitters travel between neurons, also known as synapse, then looking at the biomedical model of mental heallth and how it applies to depression. (The Open University 2011, pp44) The process of communication…

synapse transmissions are chemical transmission. Chemical transmission involves the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron to the synaptic cleft. There are receptors that are specific for the neurotransmitters on the postsynaptic neuron. The pain receptor is called nociceptor. In the painful event, action potential sent from the soma comes down along the axon to its terminal. Neurotransmitters are released and bind to the nociceptors on the postsynaptic neuron. That neuron is…

2014, p. 191). Psychoactive drugs are substances that change our states of consciousness, where brain function occurs, which results in temporary changes in perception, mood, and behavior. These drugs affect consciousness by influencing how neurotransmitters operate within…

Sydney Holst When certain chemicals interact with a neuron, they alter the balance of ions inside and outside the cell. If this change reaches threshold, it sends a signal down the neuron’s membrane to the axon. At the axon, the neuron fires the signal to a neighboring neuron, and the process repeats. Once the electrical potential of Neuron A (presynaptic neuron) reaches -60mV the sodium and potassium channels in the neuron open at the beginning of the axon. The influx of positive sodium ions…

communicate using chemical signals that involve neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The turnover model, which is composed of five steps, explains the process neurotransmitters undergo in order for them to be released and have an effect. It is important to note that drugs specifically target one or more of these steps in order to be effective. The first step is biosynthesis, which is when the presynaptic cell synthesizes neurotransmitters when a precursor interacts…

dopamine and serotonin based on discoveries that both tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors led to an increase in the monoamine neurotransmitters and specific sites in the brain (Pratt, 2011). Studies have also shown that reserpine which is utilized as an antihypertensive agent, was able to decrease the monoamine neurotransmitters as well as induce major depressive…

The Body’s Response to Stress Kimberly Shafto Ocean County College BIOL-131-DL1 The endocrine system and ANS work together in times of stress to maintain homeostasis. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is divided into two subdivisions the sympathetic, and parasympathetic. They sympathetic nervous system activates the “fight or flight” response which causes a rise in heart rate, pupil dilation, increased sweating, and blood pressure. The parasympathetic nervous system activates…