Neuromuscular junction

AIM: Sarcopenia has been defined as an involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength and/or function. The presence of sarcopenia in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may have prognostic effects and may be mistaken for poor therapeutic control of PD. We aimed to evaluate sarcopenia in patients with PD. METHODS: One hundred non-demented PD patients, and 95 healthy subjects were included in the study. Avarage-Muscle mass, weight, bone mass, fat mass, basal metabolism rate (BMR), body…

The knee-jerk reflex is considered a stretch reflex and is often used by physicians to test how the nervous system is functioning. The knee-jerk reflex is tested by tapping the patellar tendon with the base of a rubber hammer. This results in the leg and foot extending upward in healthy individuals. The reflex is a response to the change in shape of the patellar tendon and quadriceps muscle. It does so to prevent damage to the muscle and ultimately the maintain homeostasis. There are a series…

There is a study that done by Harvard students in which they observed pregnant women who were exposed to high levels of pollution. The effect that the children that were born were exposed to getting autism. Autism is an disorder that can affect brain development, cause abnormals behavior in a social environment, and cause speech impairments. Pollution also causes a lot of problems within the body such as heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma. Raising awareness for both of these problems can be…