Neuromuscular junction

synthesized in an inactive single peptide chain with a molecular mass of 150kD. Recently, Type B Botulinum Toxin is also commercially available in market.  Mechanism of Action The main site of action of Botulinum toxin is neuromuscular junction. Normally, at the junction, when action potential depolarises the axon terminal, acetylcholine is released from the synaptic cleft. This process is facilitated by a transport protein, named SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment…

antibodies form against various types of receptors, kinases, or proteins (1). There are four subtypes of myasthenia gravis, with the most prevalent subtype being due to autoantibodies against the muscle-type acetylcholine receptor, AChR, at the neuromuscular junction (2; 3). The second subtype involves antibodies against the muscle-specific kinase, MuSK, and the third type is due to autoantibodies against the agrin-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4, LRP 4. Finally, the…

intimate academic exercise – my fingers move in response to messages sent through my nervous system and words appear on the page. Either side of the divide - the neuromuscular junction In order for motor neurons to communicate with the skeletal muscle fibres of my fingers, a synapse is formed between them, known as a neuromuscular junction. The neural and muscular sides of the NMJ have different roles to play. The motor neuron’s axon terminal, along which nerve impulses travel, ends in a…

reflexes, muscle strength, muscle tone, senses of touch, sings coordination and balance. The discovery of the disease depends on the weakness of the muscle. Myasthenia gravis target the communication point between the nerve and the muscle called neuromuscular junction. This disease affects 20 people in 100,000 in the United States. Women affected by MG generally see onset symptom by the age of 20 to 30. However men are affect in later year around the age of 50.Males are more often affected than…

stimulates, is call a motor unit. The motor end plate (also known as the neuromuscular junction) is the seam of the motor neurons axon and the muscle fibres it stimulates. In précis the sliding thread hypothesis of power decrease can be out of order downward into four separate stage, these be; 1. Muscle commencement: The coast nerve stimulates an act potential (impulse) to pass downward a neuron to the neuromuscular connection. This stimulate the sarcoplasmic reticulum to let go calcium…

Question 1. a) “What serosal cavities have been penetrated by the 1st arrow?” The pleural cavity and pericardial cavity have been penetrated by the 1st arrow as they tend to appear in the thoracic cavity on the left side of the chest. b) “Explain the location, the microscopic characteristics of the serous membrane, and the purpose of the serous membrane.” The serous membrane, the peritoneum is located within cavities of the abdomen and the pelvis. Pleura are found in the thoracic cavity…

The toxin was first discovered in 1735 Europe as it caused a fatal disease of the nervous system. Its cause was suspected to be connected to German Sausages. This is originally where its name came from, as due to these suspicions the toxin was named “botulus” – the Latin for sausage. Since then we know that Botulinum Toxin is a potent neurotoxin that is produced by rod-shaped spore-forming anaerobic bacterium called Clostridium bacterium. The bacterium require special conditions to reproduce;…

generate electrochemical impulses also known as an Action Potentials (AP), which propagate down an axon to transmit a signal to another cell. The signal may be transmitted to another neuron through a synapse of another dendrite or will form a Neuromuscular junction with a skeletal muscle cell. Skeletal muscle consists of many multinucleated muscle fibers connected to intercalation of sarcoplasmic…

organ function, such as digestion, and reflexes. Generally speaking, a nerve from the spinal cord, spinal nerve, will grow from the spine to a muscle, it splits to form motor neurons, then contacts the muscle fiber at a point called the neuromuscular junction. This formation, in conjunction with all the nerve fibers one cell stimulates, is known as a motor neuron. They maintain tone through creating random, irregular contractions until a signal from the spine, in most cases, or the brainstem…

autonomic nervous stem that widens blood vessels, contracts smooth muscle and decreases heart rate. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica explained that when a nerve impulse arrives at the end of a motor neuron, acetylcholine is released into the neuromuscular junction of the peripheral nervous system. Yet, Brenner, and Stevens, (2006) explained that when acetylcholine reacts to acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle fibers, it opens the gate for sodium channels to enter, which enhances…