Neurodegenerative disorders

Parkinson’s disease (PD) was first described by James Parkinson in his classic 1817 monograph “Essay on the Shaking Palsy”. PD is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). PD affects around 0.3% of population in industrialized countries and approximately 1% of the population above the age of 60 (de Rijk et al., 2000; Rajput, 1992). The mean age of onset of PD is 55. PD is mainly characterized clinically by resting tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia.…

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects approximately 23.6 million people globally (Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators, 2015). The disorder is marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, which typically result in problems related to self-care and general functioning in social and occupational settings (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Despite the first detailed clinical description having been written in 1810 (Haslam, 1810), and…

3. Describe the similarities and differences between depression and bipolar disorder. Include their causes, symptoms, and treatment. Similarities: Depression and bipolar disorder are both mood disorders that include severe sadness that inhibits daily functioning. This intense sadness can manifest as feelings of hopelessness. A person may recognize a cognitive change, for example, having pessimistic or guilty thoughts. Often people who are experiencing bouts of sadness notice that they may be…

Starting with the detection of diseases in newborns an example of genetic screenings success can be found from Phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU forms in approximately one out of twelve thousand live births. A child who hosts PKU shows no sign of problem at birth but if left untreated may suffer seizures and develop behavioral problems and mental retardation. PKU testing started in the 1960's and is now mandatory in the United States. Through this regulatory process PKU has practically been eliminated.…

safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been a topic of discussion for quite some time now. While many studies do show that TMS is not only safe, but also has worked to minimize clinical depression (and in particular major depressive disorder (MDD)), there are still some studies that dispute this hypothesis. O’Reardon et. al. (2007) attempt to resolve these conflicting studies in this study. The intended audience appears to be other researchers as well as clinicians in the…

prevalent sleep disorder is insomnia, a disorder in which one is unable to fall asleep and/or stay asleep. There are three types of insomnia: Short-term, Primary, and Secondary. Short-term insomnia can be caused by a number of things, including jet lag, extreme temperature, stress, medication, and emotional or physical discomfort. The most common form of insomnia is primary insomnia, and is more common in women than men and increases with age. Secondary insomnia can be caused by mental disorders…

"Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person binges and purges. Bingeing means eating a large amount of food in a short period of time. Purging means getting rid of all the food by self-induced vomiting; abuse of laxatives, diet pills, and/or diuretics, excessive exercising; or fasting"( Teen Health and Wellness 2015). All over the world studies have been conducted and have shown that bulimia currently affects 1 to 3 percent of middle and high school girls and 1 to 4 percent of the…

impact on just how much this deprivation impairs him or her. Sleep deprivation can have several possible causes and its effects are different in each case; however, there are several types of sleep disorders that cause sleep deprivation that have consequential effects. There are several types of sleep disorders that cause one to experience sleep deprivation such as insomnia, restless leg syndrome (RLS), and sleep apnea. Insomnia can be caused by stress, jet lag, and diet, tending to increase…

Bipolar and Pregnancy Bipolar disorder, sometimes still referred to as manic depression, is a mental disorder marked by alternating periods of elation and depression. Not only does it cause serious shifts in mood, energy, thinking and behaviour, the cycles of the disorder can last for days, weeks or months at a time. Bipolar disorders also have major adverse social and economic effects that often interfere with a person’s ability to work and function normally. For women, bipolar and pregnancy…

days in mourning. I would suggest this because April needs a motherly figure in her life since her mother doesn’t step up to it someone has to. The book Perfect is similar to the book Skinny by Ibi Kaslik. It is also about a girl who has an eating disorder except that she thinks that she is too fat and eats too little which is the exact opposite for Isabelle, who binge eats and throws up. This book relates to an article that came out on October 2nd 2014 called…