Nephrotoxicity

Nephrotoxicity is associate adverse effect of the anticancer drugs for solid and hematologic malignancies (Kintzel, 2001). Cisplatin, cisplatinum or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) , a platinum-based drug, is one of the most frequently used anti-neoplastic agents. It has a potent anti-tumor action against wide range of malignancies, including testicular, ovarian, cervical, bladder and lung cancers as well as solid tumors resistant to other treatment regimens (Hanigan and Devarajan, 2003). The kidney is not only responsible for the excretion of cisplatin, but is also the primary site of its accumulation (Miller et al., 2010). Although several strategies have been suggested to prevent this adverse effect, no specific treatments are currently…

It has been reported that the use of phenol is the surgical procedure of skin peeling can produce cardiac arrhythmias although specifics of dose received were not determined and would be expected to be extremely high (Office of Environmental Health Hazzard Assessment, 2015). In 1985 a group of iron and steel foundry workers with multiple chemical and aerosol exposures were examined and found to have more respiratory systems in the phenol exposed group (Office of Environmental Health Hazzard…

As a child I can remember sitting on the floor in my living room playing video games with my three best friends. Regardless of the game none of us cared whether we were “button smashing,” by pressing random buttons on the controller in hopes of getting a kill, or playing seriously. To us we were just having a good time. However, as we made the gradual shift towards online gaming, we became exposed to the toxicity that thrived there. The level of which the environment is unwelcoming, harmful, or…

Nephrotoxic Nephropathy Definition: Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances both toxic chemicals and medications on renal function. There are various forms of nephrotoxicity. Some drugs may affect renal function in more than one way. Additionally, nephrotoxins are substances that display nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity is a significant adverse effect of the calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus. Nephrotoxicity can be divided into…

1. Describe what may occur if hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity occur as a result of drug use. Hepatotoxicity is when the liver detoxifies and metabolizes foreign chemicals in the blood. It can be damaged by drugs or their metabolic products. If liver cells are injured, enzymatic abnormalities usually occur which is when fatty liver deposits form, hepatitis occurs, and in the worst cases liver failure can result. Nephrotoxicity occurs when nephron tubules and/or filtration abilities of the…

During reconstitution of a vial, use paraben free sterile water for injection. IV infusion concentration should not exceed 7 mg/ml. Rapid infusion may cause nephrotoxicity and infusion concentration beyond 7mg/ml may cause phlebitis or extravasation. Do not administer through intramuscular or subcutaneous route. After the infusion, maintain adequate hydration for first 2 hours to decrease the risk of nephrotoxicity.1-3 JL is receiving TPN for severe malnourishment. In addition to the TPN,…

into free radicals or activated metabolites during their oxidation (16) .Also, it has been observed that there were degenerative changes in renal and hepatic functions after exposing rats to light and heavy petrol (17) . An increase of serum creatinine in subjects exposed to gasoline vapor indicate renal pathology, and confirm the result of Bartimaeus and Jacobs (18) who showed the considerable exposure to petrol or its product over a long period of time could cause nephrotoxicity in motor…

Risk factors for nephrotoxicity: comorbidities, volume depletion, liver dysfunction, sepsis, renal dysfunction, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and advanced age ii. Prevention: prevent the accumulation of aminoglycosides in the kidney, lower dosage, and alternative medication b. Amphotericin B – antifungal i. Risk factors for nephrotoxicity: therapy with other nephrotoxins and higher dose of amphotericin B ii. Prevention: lower dosages and alternative medication c. NSAIDs- anti-inflammatory…

in 1949 and the introduction of colistin into the market in 1959 as its inactive prodrug colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) were significant milestones in the treatment of this type of infections. However, the use of colistin was decreased because of the reported nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity associated with it. Colistin –which is a polymyxin (polymyxin E)- is currently used as a last line treatment for Multi drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria…

to the potential for additive or synergistic toxicities (including both nephrotoxicity and neuromuscular blockade) between colistimethate and the aminoglycoside antibiotics, this combination should be avoided whenever possible. If these agents must be used together, patients' renal and neuromuscular function should be monitored closely. 3.2.10 Therapeutic uses This medication is used to treat minor skin infections (such as impetigo, folliculitis) or minor infections related to some skin…