Nephron

The kidney of the albino rat is a paired organ bean shaped, smooth and possess convex and concave borders. Each kidney has dorsal and ventral surface, medial and lateral borders. The lateral border is convex while, the medial border is concave, indented hilus, and an upper and lower pole. The hilus and sides of the kidney of albino rat are surrounded by adipose tissue. Anatomically, the rat kidneys lay alongside the vertebral column in the abdominal cavity and suprarenal glands situated above…

breaking down of nutrients creates urea and excess salts while the remaining water is disposed of by the kidneys. They are in charge of balancing acids and bases and removing excess ions, toxins, medications, and urea from blood, among other things. Nephrons found in these organs filter the blood to create urine, since proteins and blood cells cannot pass through the walls of capillaries. It is then carried to the bladder by the ureter. Finally, another tube coming from the bladder (the urethra)…

Kidney disease is normally caused by the damage to the nephron. This damage can be caused by genetics, injury, drugs, cancer, cysts, stones, and/or infection (National Library of Medicine, 2015). Glomerulonephritis is when the glomeruli are inflamed. The disease can be acute or chronic and it can be a primary or secondary form of glomerulonephritis, depending on how the glomerulonephritis is caused (Mayo Clinic, 2014a). Nephrotic syndrome is when the urine has too much protein in it, causing the…

The kidneys are considered to be very important body organs found in organisms such as humans and animals. These two bean shaped pairs of organs play a big role especially in the human body by extracting waste from blood, help balance body fluids, and most of all form urine. These organs are a major help to numerous of important functions throughout the body. In “Kidney stone mystery solved: Why some people are more prone to develop kidney stones” a recent article by Science Daily, explains a…

Pathophysiology Room 24, a 79 year-old widowed African American woman, presented September 23, 2016, to Lynchburg General Hospital with a chief complaint of abdominal pain, urinary frequency, burning sensation, and confusion. Upon arrival at the hospital, Room 24 was accompanied by a family member due to her inability to be awarelack of awareness of to her surroundings, as well as the increase in episodes of “wandering and getting lost” as stated by Room 24’s caregiver. She entered the hospital…

Today, increasing prevalence of kidney stones is a global phenomenon due to change in living conditions and lifestyle. The urinary stone disease is a common multifactorial disorder estimated to occur in approximately 12% of the world population with a recurrence rate of 70-80% in male, and 47-60% in female (Araujo V., et al., 1999). Kidney stone disease is the third most common afflictions in urinary tract found in humans (Selvam et.al. 2001). Primary kidney stone formation and its recurrence…

The raw data of urine osmolarity did not appear to be very different between the control and experimental group, which should have been assumed. Once the sample was subtracted from the baseline for each day, there was a way to compare the control days to the experimental days while accounting for daily fluctuations of urine osmolarity. The asparagus treatment did result in a much smaller difference between the baseline and sample collections (Figure 1.), even though this finding was not…

The hormone is like an arrow shot from a bow, the shot is aimed at a target and when it hits the target, a score is achieved. Today, I will be talking to you about a very important hormone called ADH shorten for Antidiuretic hormone and also known as vasopressin. Antidiuretic hormone is made in an area at the base of the brain known as the hypothalamus, the hormone is transported to the posterior pituitary glands where the hormone is released into the bloodstream. They carried around the body in…

f. Describe the histology and gross structure of the kidney g. Describe the detailed structure of a nephron and its associated blood vessels h. Describe and explain the production of urine, with reference to the processes of ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption Ultrafiltration 1. Blood flows into the glomerulus from the afferent arteriole which…

through the aquaporin channels. In addition, there is a half-life for all hormones that regulate the renal system and as such will not immediately cease their functions. This includes Aldosterone which facilitates the reabsorption of sodium in the nephrons, since the majority of these fluids contain a large amount of sodium there will need to be a slight increase in the level of Aldosterone as the test progresses since the body must also maintain a proper osmolarity. The final hormone ANP, will…