Nephrology

A neurogenic bladder stands for a lack of bladder control due to a dysfunction of nerves affecting afferent or efferent signaling. These nerves carry messages between the bladder and spinal cord, and direct the holding and release of urine. When the nerves fail to function, the symptoms of neurogenic bladder develop, which is the condition that affects millions of people around the world. Function of the bladder Several nerve mechanisms regulate urine storage and bladder emptying. As urine…

Aspiration pneumonia is a condition in which there is inflammation in the lungs and bronchial tubes as a result from inhaling foreign matter. Aspiration pneumonia most likely a result from inhaling food, vomitus, or liquid. This may lead to a bacterial infection. Risk factors include sedation, coma, intoxication, poor gag reflex, dysphagia, and age, particularly in older adults. Visual signals of aspiration pneumonia include chest pain, cyanosis, crackling in the lungs, decreased oxygen,…

Acute renal failure can be caused by several different conditions, however, the causes are often categorized as prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal. Prerenal causes are characterized by a marked decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, while intrinsic causes are attributed to physical damage within the kidney, and postrenal cause an obstruction in fluid flow from the kidneys through the ureters, bladder, or even urethra. Some different prerenal causes include hypovolemia as a result of hemorrhage,…

With healthcare being such a rapidly moving field it is important that we, as aspiring medical professionals, understand what is progressing in our profession. Within the blink of an eye healthcare changes; doctors, professors, phds, are coming up new theories, journals and studies daily. It is our job as current students in this field to do our best to further understand these journals studies, etc.and the writing that is involved in our field. Why you may ask? There are arguably an infinite…

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) filters the plasma through the glomerulus capillary blood pressure and into the Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure (Sherwood, 2007, pp. 508-509). The filtrate subsequently travels into the proximal tubular so that sodium absorption occurs. The tubular reabsorption is the filtrate that flows through the tubules and the substances of value returns to the perutubular capillary plasma into the blood stream (Sherwood, 2007, p. 506). Such that the body can…

Percutaneous Kidney Biopsy A kidney biopsy is a procedure to remove small pieces of tissue from a kidney. In a percutaneous biopsy, the tissue is removed using a needle that is inserted through the skin. This procedure is done so that the tissue can be examined under a microscope. A kidney biopsy can help a health care provider make a diagnosis and determine the best course of treatment. You may need a kidney biopsy if you have: • Blood in your urine (hematuria). • Excessive protein in your…

This patient should treat by medications of all abnormal situation because she has Hyperkalaemia, high Creatinine and urea and some electrolytes low such as Na and HCO3. Suggest what the results may look like after one of the common treatments such as water, electrolytes balance, some medication, patient health improve if not may progress to renal failure and she need to Renal dialysis includes renal dialysis, peritoneal dialysis, chronic peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. There is…

Many of us do not realize how important our kidneys are until we lose the function of going to the bathroom. Our body takes in a number of toxins and fluids that we should excrete. Chronic real failure is better known as chronic kidney failure and this is where our kidneys are no longer function properly. Your kidneys filter the blood inside you body. The blood contains many toxins and excretes these toxins though urine, if our kidneys do not work eventually our electrolyte levels increase…

"Kidney: Polycystic Kidney Disease" Published September 3rd, 2014 and written by Binu M. Paul and Gregory B Vanden Heuvel. This article tells you all about polycystic kidney disease and how it affects the human body. Polycystic kidney disease is a hereditary disease if your mother or father have it then you most likely will have it. This disease causes cysts that develop on the kidneys and get bigger and bigger as you get older, sadly there is no cure for this disease. However, a lot of…

Liver failure, caused by things such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, leads to an array of symptoms including cardiorespiratory insufficiency (hepatopulmonary syndrome; HPS) and renal failure (hepatorenal syndrome; HRS). Disregarding the cause of liver failure itself, discuss the development of both of these symptoms. Hepatopulmonary Syndrome Figure 1: Blood Flow in Normal Conditions and Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (Grace & Angus, 2013). Figure 1 (above) shows the blood flow in a normal patient (top),…