Neoplasm

Chondroblastoma was first described in detail by codman in 1931 and so is occasionally referred to as codman’s tumo r. Chondroblastoma was first described as calcified giant cell tumor by Ewing.11 Chondroblastoma constitutes a very rare bone tumor entity.2,6 In most cases it manifests between 10 to 20 years. Chondroblastoma are typically centered in an epiphysis. Although they occur most often in the end of a major tubular bone, they can appear in any secondary center of ossification, such…

Enchondroma is a type of noncancerous bone tumor that begins in the cartilage. While these tumors are not frequently cancerous, they can still lead to deformity and fractures of large or small long bones. Although the cause of enchondromas are unknown, the tumors may be either from an overgrowth of cartilage that lines the ends of the bones or a persistent growth of original, embryonic cartilage. Enchondromas can affect anyone but specifically affects patients between the ages of 10 to 20 years…

Pheochromocytomas are rare tumors arising exclusively from the chromaffin tissue of the sympathetic nervous system in adrenal medulla, However, the similar tumors that arise from same tissue in other locations are referred to as paragangliomas according to the most recent classification done by World Health Organization classification of tumours.1,2 Only 1% of paragangliomas are found in the urinary bladder which account for less than 0.06% of all bladder malignancies.3,4 Paraganglioma of the…

Skin cancer is on the rise. Fortunately, there are many treatments available. Proper diagnosis and early treatment are the keys to surviving skin cancer. A mole is often the first sign of skin cancer. However, it is important to note that every mole is not cancerous. It is recommended that you see a dermatologist if you suspect that a mole is cancerous. Below are some tips that can help people determine whether a mole is cancerous: Asymmetrical One of the things that you will need to pay…

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a challenging oncology problem. A reliable biomarker for invasion and metastasis in oral cancer patients remains to be more clarified. β-catenin acts as a structural protein at cell-cell adherence junctions and as a transcription activator mediating Wnt signal transduction. Altered β-catenin expression has been associated with loss of cell differentiation and acquisition of an invasive phenotype. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is an…

from benign to malignant involving with cells growing at an uncontrollable rate. Most neoplasms can be either benign or malignant depending on what stage and can be cured if treatments are done in time. Breast neoplasm is an obstruction where polyps are developed, obstructing the normal pathways of one or both nipples, the areola, and the ducts within the vicinity surrounds the breast. There are many forms neoplasms in the breast varying from IDC, which is short for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma,…

Internal and external treatments are both options for radiotherapy we also have chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy. For Internal therapy the treatment requires important steps before implants are implanted into the tumour. Radioisotopes are held in special containers to shield exposure to people, it withholds radiation. Safety precautions are also taken before the treatment begins briefly stating patient being shielded by surrounded walls that use specific material to prevent…

Physical and Genetic Mutilation One person dies each minute from cancer. Cancer, among other diseases caused by genetic mutation, can potentially be prevented by scientific gene manipulation. Ten percent of the cases of cancer in the United States are caused by genetics, not environmental or physical factors. So if doctors can manipulate the gene pool before birth in an unborn child, would that be an ethical thing to do? There are similar moral and ethical dilemmas in the book The Island of Dr.…

Chlorotoxin comes from a scorpion called Leiurus quinquestriatus. This scorpion can be found in Israel. Chlorotoxin is comprised of 36 amino acids, which make up a small peptide. This polypeptide contains four disulfide bonds and eight cystines. But chlorotoxin has a secondary form that is made up of 3 beta sheets and an alpha helix. Many have been studying the effects that chlorotoxin has on cancer cells. Some of the ingredients that make up the scorpion venom are histamine, serotonin,…

07. Von Hippel-Lindau ( VHL ). VHL is said to affect one in every 35,000 people. It is a very rare genetic condition that is often characterized by the growth of numerous tumors in different parts of the body. It is an inherited disorder causing benign and malignant tumors to develop in the central nervous system and viscera. These tumors can start to grow in the retina, the brain, and in the spinal cord. Tumors also arise in the pancreas, epididymis, and the inner ear. If left untreated, this…