Nematode

Caenorhabditis elegans C. elegans is a nematode worm that considers as one of the simplest multicellular model organism. It is a free-living soil animal that feeds on microbes in decaying plant environments while in vitro, it mainly feeds on bacterial lawn (40). Sydney Brenner has proposed C. elegans as an experimental model organism and it has been used in biological fields, it played a huge role in the understanding and development in the knowledge about multicellular organisms since 1960s (8)…

allow for the application of data to other model systems. Hobert (2000) believes, that the patterns of these LIM-homeodomain proteins is evident from studies about Drosophila to C. elegans. LIM proteins have their own transcription factors and cytoskeletal elements. Structurally, a LIM domain has cysteines with 2 zinc fingers. These LIM homeodomain (LIM-HD) proteins regulate the formation of cell line cells and influence differentiation. (Dawid et al., 1995) To control these proteins, it is…

This was disease that was associated with eating meat that contained a nematode (roundworm) from the genus Trichinella. The agent of trichinosis is Trichinella spiralis, which is found in many carnivorous and omnivorous animals. The disease occurs when a human ingests an undercooked piece of meat, then the larva gets released…

Abstract: The first thing that comes in one’s mind is that “What is a Biting Midge”?? Midges are smallest two-winged blood sucking flies prevalent globally. They so narrowly resemble mosquitoes that they are often mistaken for them. Midge is around 1 mm in length with the small stout limbs and short mouthparts that are projected downwards. It bites both the animals and humans inflicting excruciating pain and irritation. Only female midges suck blood. Female releases a chemical (pheromone) to…

All animals belong to the supergroup Unikonta. Since these animals are found in almost every environment on earth, it has become possible to study their characteristics and construct evolutionary relationships, noting morphological and molecular similarities and differences. The relationships between the most primitive of animals were determined by the morphological traits of symmetry, tissues, body cavity, embryological development, and molecular evidence. [1] Symmetry and tissues are major…

In The Botany of Desire; A Plant’s Eye View of the World, Michael Pollan explores the co-evolutionary relationship between humans and plants. In four chapters, he discusses the four fundamental human desires—sweetness, beauty, intoxication, and control—through the plants that satisfy these desires: the apple, the tulip, marijuana, and the potato. More specifically, in the Potato chapter, Pollan discusses the associated human desire for control that links us with the potato. Pollan interjects a…

Introduction to Horse Flies (Tabanidae) Horse flies can be found in most areas of the United States with more than 160 species. They can grow up to 1 ¼ inches long and are generally black and gray in color. Female horse flies have blade-like mouthparts used for blood feeding which slash tissues and blood vessels in order for blood to flow to wounds. After which, they use their sponge-like mouthparts for sucking up blood. Male horse flies have weaker mouthparts compared to females and only feed…

Onchocerciasis. Recently, there have been effective strategies used to eradicate Dracunculus medinensis from almost all endemic areas. Both Onchocerca and Dracunculus are nematodes they are radially symmetrical, have three tissue layers, and have a hydrostatic skeleton. Both genera are members of the class Secernentea, parasitic nematodes with a spear shaped head to pierce their future hosts. Despite the similarities between the two species most overall strategies used to effectively eradicate…

The passion flower is a widely cultivated genus with historical significance, including its use as a medicine, it 's arguably tasty fruit, its wonderful fragrance, and its symbolic use within christianity and other religions. There are many uses to the passion flower, although it is currently not FDA approved as a medicine, it can still be used as an herbal remedy. In the past, passionflower was approved by the FDA as an ingredient in OTC sleep aids and sedative products. The FDA revoked the…

adaptation. There are two properties of the soil having pronounced direct effects on plant growth and crop production: physical and chemical properties. There are also biological factors or living organisms in the soil such as the earthworms, insects, nematodes and microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, and protozoa. These organisms help in improving soil structure, tilth, aeration, water permeability and soil nutrient…